Inhibitors of
tumor angiogenesis and
metastasis are increasingly emerging as promising agents for
cancer therapy. Recently,
heparanase inhibitors have offered a new avenue for such work because
heparanase is thought to be critically involved in the metastatic and angiogenic potentials of
tumor cells. Here, we report that
oligomannurarate sulfate (JG3), a novel marine-derived
oligosaccharide, acts as a
heparanase inhibitor. Our results revealed that JG3 significantly inhibited
tumor angiogenesis and
metastasis, both in vitro and in vivo, by combating
heparanase activity via binding to the KKDC and QPLK domains of the
heparanase molecule. The JG3-heparanase interaction was competitively inhibited by
low molecular weight heparin (4,000 Da) but not by other
glycosaminoglycans. In addition, JG3 abolished
heparanase-driven invasion, inhibited the release of
heparan sulfate-sequestered
basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) from the extracellular matrix, and repressed subsequent angiogenesis. Moreover, JG3 inactivated bFGF-induced bFGF receptor and
extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation and blocked bFGF-triggered angiogenic events by directly binding to bFGF. Thus, JG3 seems to inhibit both major
heparanase activities by simultaneously acting as a substrate mimetic and as a competitive inhibitor of
heparan sulfate. These findings suggest that JG3 should be considered as a promising candidate agent for
cancer therapy.