Prevention of retinoic acid-induced early craniofacial abnormalities by folinic acid and expression of endothelin-1/dHAND in the branchial arches in mouse.

Abstract	Prevention of retinoic acid-induced craniofacial abnormalities by folinic acid, and endothelin-1 (ET-1)/dHAND protein and mRNA expression were investigated in mouse embryos using the whole embryo culture, streptavidin-biotin peroxidase complex method, and whole-mount in situ hybridization. In the whole embryo culture, 1.0 and 0.1 mm-folinic acid dose dependently prevented branchial region malformations and decreased defects by 93 % and 77 %, respectively. Folinic acid at concentrations of 1.0 and 0.1 mm significantly increased ET-1 and dHAND protein expression levels compared to retinoic acid-exposed values in embryonic branchial areas. Folinic acid also increased ET-1 and dHAND mRNA levels in the same region. The present results suggest that folinic acid may prevent retinoic acid-induced craniofacial abnormalities via increasing ET-1 and dHAND levels in the branchial region during the organogenic period.
Authors	Zhaofeng Zhang, Yajun Xu, Li Li, Jing Han, Liping Zheng, Peng Liu, Yong Li
Journal	The British journal of nutrition (Br J Nutr) Vol. 96 Issue 3 Pg. 418-25 (Sep 2006) ISSN: 0007-1145 [Print] England
PMID	16925845 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References	Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors Endothelin-1 Hand2 protein, mouse RNA, Messenger Teratogens Vitamin B Complex Tretinoin Leucovorin
Topics	Animals Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors (analysis) Brain (pathology) Branchial Region (chemistry) Craniofacial Abnormalities (chemically induced, prevention & control) Embryo Culture Techniques (methods) Embryo, Mammalian (pathology) Endothelin-1 (analysis) Female Gene Expression Regulation Immunohistochemistry (methods) In Situ Hybridization (methods) Leucovorin (pharmacology) Male Mice RNA, Messenger (analysis) Teratogens Tretinoin (adverse effects) Vitamin B Complex (pharmacology)

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