The crystal structure of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 and implications for diabetes treatment.

Abstract	Carnitine palmitoyltransferases 1 and 2 (CPTs) facilitate the import of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria. Modulation of the catalytic activity of the CPT system is currently under investigation for the development of novel drugs against diabetes mellitus. We report here the 1.6 A resolution structure of the full-length mitochondrial membrane protein CPT-2. The structure of CPT-2 in complex with the generic CPT inhibitor ST1326 ([R]-N-[tetradecylcarbamoyl]-aminocarnitine), a substrate analog mimicking palmitoylcarnitine and currently in clinical trials for diabetes mellitus treatment, was solved at 2.5 A resolution. These structures of CPT-2 provide insight into the function of residues involved in substrate binding and determination of substrate specificity, thereby facilitating the rational design of antidiabetic drugs. We identify a sequence insertion found in CPT-2 that mediates membrane localization. Mapping of mutations described for CPT-2 deficiency, a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism, implies effects on substrate recognition and structural integrity of CPT-2.
Authors	Arne C Rufer, Ralf Thoma, Jörg Benz, Martine Stihle, Bernard Gsell, Elodie De Roo, David W Banner, Francis Mueller, Odile Chomienne, Michael Hennig
Journal	Structure (London, England : 1993) (Structure) Vol. 14 Issue 4 Pg. 713-23 (Apr 2006) ISSN: 0969-2126 [Print] United States
PMID	16615913 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
Chemical References	Proteins ST1326 Betaine emeriamine Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase Carnitine
Topics	Amino Acid Sequence Animals Betaine (analogs & derivatives, chemistry) Binding Sites Carnitine (analogs & derivatives, chemistry) Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase (chemistry) Crystallography, X-Ray (methods) Diabetes Mellitus (metabolism, therapy) Humans Lipid Metabolism Models, Chemical Models, Molecular Molecular Sequence Data Mutation Phenotype Protein Binding Protein Conformation Protein Structure, Quaternary Protein Structure, Secondary Protein Structure, Tertiary Proteins (chemistry) Rats Substrate Specificity Ultracentrifugation

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