Anthropometric measures, endogenous sex steroids and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women: a study within the EPIC cohort.

Abstract

In a large case-control study on breast cancer risk and serum hormone concentrations, nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, we examined to what extent the relationship of excess body weight with breast cancer risk may be explained by changes in sex steroids. Height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, and serum measurements of testosterone [T], androstenedione [Delta4], dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate [DHEAS], estradiol [E2], estrone [E1] and sex-hormone binding globulin [SHBG] were available for 613 breast cancer cases, and 1,139 matched controls, who were all menopausal at the time of blood donation. Free T [fT] and free E2 [fE2] were calculated using mass action equations. Breast cancer risk was related to body mass index (BMI) (RR = 1.11 [0.99-1.25], per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI), and waist (RR = 1.12 [1.02-1.24], per 10 cm increase) and hip circumferences (RR = 1.14 [1.02-1.27], per 10 cm increase). The increase in breast cancer risk associated with adiposity was substantially reduced after adjustment for any estrogens, especially for fE2 (from 1.11 [0.99-1.25] to 0.99 [0.87-1.12], from 1.12 [1.02-1.24] to 1.02 [0.92-1.14] and from 1.14 [1.02-1.27] to 1.05 [0.93-1.18] for BMI, waist and hip circumferences, respectively). A modest attenuation in excess risk was observed after adjustment for fT, but the remaining androgens had little effect on the association of body adiposity with breast cancer. Our data indicate that the relationship of adiposity with breast cancer in postmenopausal women could be partially explained by the increases in endogenous estrogens, and by a decrease in levels of SHBG.

• Authors: Sabina Rinaldi, Tim J Key, Petra H M Peeters, Petra H Lahmann, Annekatrin Lukanova, Laure Dossus, Carine Biessy, Paolo Vineis, Carlotta Sacerdote, Franco Berrino, Salvatore Panico, Rosario Tumino, Domenico Palli, Gabriele Nagel, Jakob Linseisen, Heiner Boeing, Andrew Roddam, Sheila Bingham, Kay-Tee Khaw, John Chloptios, Antonia Trichopoulou, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Bertrand Tehard, Francoise Clavel-Chapelon, Carlos A Gonzalez, Nerea Larrañaga, Aurelio Barricarte, J Ramón Quirós, Maria-Dolores Chirlaque, Carmen Martinez, Evelyne Monninkhof, Diederick E Grobbee, H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Pietro Ferrari, Nadia Slimani, Elio Riboli, Rudolf Kaaks
• Journal: International journal of cancer (Int J Cancer) Vol. 118 Issue 11 Pg. 2832-9 (Jun 01 2006) ISSN: 0020-7136 [Print] United States
• PMID: 16385576 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Gonadal Steroid Hormones
• Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin

Topics

• Adiposity
• Aged
• Body Mass Index
• Breast Neoplasms (etiology)
• Case-Control Studies
• Female
• Gonadal Steroid Hormones (blood)
• Humans
• Middle Aged
• Postmenopause
• Risk Factors
• Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (analysis)