Amodiaquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria in vivo is associated with selection of pfcrt 76T and pfmdr1 86Y.

Abstract	The choice of partner drug is critical for artemisinine-based combination therapy (ACT) to remain effective and amodiaquine (AQ) is one important candidate to evaluate. We treated 81 children <5 years with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria with AQ alone and related the treatment outcome to the possible selection of pfcrt 76T, 152T, 163S, 326S, pfmdr1 86Y and pfmrp 191H, 437S in recurrent infections (recrudescenses and re-infections) and to the blood concentration of desethylamodiaquine (DEAQ). During 21 days follow-up 28 children had a recurrent infection (9 recrudescenses, 13 re-infections and 6 mixed). Neither genotyping of the polymorphisms before treatment nor DEAQ blood concentrations could predict treatment outcome. pfcrt 76T was however significantly selected for in recurrent infections (p=0.020). pfmdr1 86Y was also selected for, but only in recrudescent infections (p=0.048). The study showed high prevalence of AQ resistant parasites in vivo, which appeared to be associated to pfcrt 76T and pfmdr1 86Y.
Authors	Gabrielle Holmgren, José P Gil, Pedro M Ferreira, Maria I Veiga, Charles O Obonyo, Anders Björkman
Journal	Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases (Infect Genet Evol) Vol. 6 Issue 4 Pg. 309-14 (Jul 2006) ISSN: 1567-1348 [Print] Netherlands
PMID	16271310 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References	ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters Antigens, Protozoan Antimalarials Membrane Proteins Membrane Transport Proteins PfCRT protein, Plasmodium falciparum Protozoan Proteins mdr gene protein, Plasmodium merozoite surface protein 2, Plasmodium Amodiaquine desethylamodiaquine
Topics	ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters (genetics) Amino Acid Substitution Amodiaquine (analogs & derivatives, blood, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology) Animals Antigens, Protozoan Antimalarials (pharmacokinetics, pharmacology) Child, Preschool Drug Resistance (genetics) Humans Infant Malaria, Falciparum (diagnosis, drug therapy) Membrane Proteins (genetics) Membrane Transport Proteins Plasmodium falciparum (drug effects, genetics) Protozoan Proteins (genetics)

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