Abstract |
Skeletal muscle involvement can occur at all stages of human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) infection, and may represent the first manifestation of the disease. Myopathies in HIV-infected patients are classified as follows: (1) HIV-associated myopathies and related conditions, including HIV polymyositis, inclusion-body myositis, nemaline myopathy, diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome (DILS), HIV-wasting syndrome, vasculitic processes, myasthenic syndromes, and chronic fatigue; (2) muscle complications of antiretroviral therapy, including zidovudine and toxic mitochondrial myopathies related to other nucleoside-analogue reverse-transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome, and immune restoration syndrome related to highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART); (3) opportunistic infections and tumor infiltrations of skeletal muscle; and (4) rhabdomyolysis. Introduction of HAART has dramatically modified the natural history of HIV disease by controlling viral replication, but, in turn, lengthening of the survival of HIV-infected individuals has been associated with an increasing prevalence of iatrogenic conditions.
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Authors | François-Jérôme Authier, Patrick Chariot, Romain K Gherardi |
Journal | Muscle & nerve
(Muscle Nerve)
Vol. 32
Issue 3
Pg. 247-60
(Sep 2005)
ISSN: 0148-639X [Print] United States |
PMID | 15902690
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)
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Topics |
- Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
(adverse effects)
- Deltaretrovirus Infections
(pathology, physiopathology, virology)
- HIV Infections
(complications, drug therapy, physiopathology)
- HIV Wasting Syndrome
(pathology, physiopathology, virology)
- Humans
- Mitochondrial Myopathies
(chemically induced, pathology, physiopathology)
- Muscle, Skeletal
(drug effects, pathology, virology)
- Muscular Diseases
(chemically induced, physiopathology, virology)
- Myopathies, Nemaline
(pathology, physiopathology, virology)
- Polymyositis
(pathology, physiopathology, virology)
- Rhabdomyolysis
(chemically induced, pathology, physiopathology)
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