Experimental gingivitis in cigarette smokers: a clinical and microbiological study.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:

To assess clinical and microbiological changes during experimental gingivitis in cigarette smokers and non-smokers.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Eleven current smokers (>/=5 years) and 11 (never-) non-smokers periodontally healthy or with gingivitis (PPD</=4 mm) were included. According to the original model (Löe et al. 1965), an experimental 3-week plaque accumulation period resulting in experimental gingivitis and a subsequent 2-week period of optimal plaque control were performed. Subgingival plaque samples were collected at days 0, 21 and 35 from one site per quadrant, pooled and analysed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization.

RESULTS:

Smokers {mean age: 24.7+/-2.2 [standard deviation (SD)] years, range 21-28 years} had a mean lifetime cigarette exposure of 6.4+/-2.8 (SD) pack-years, while non-smokers presented with a mean age of 23.1+/-2.2 (SD) years (range 21-29 years). Between days 0, 21 and 35, no statistically significant differences in mean Plaque and mean Gingival Index scores were observed between smokers and non-smokers. In both smokers and non-smokers, mean total DNA probe counts did not significantly differ nor increase between days 0 and 21. Also, between days 21 and 35 they did not significantly differ nor decrease. This was also true for the various proportions of bacterial complexes.

CONCLUSION:

Both current smokers and (never-) non-smokers reacted to experimental plaque accumulation with gingival inflammation. Periodontal and microbiological parameters assessed in current cigarette smokers did not significantly differ from those in non-smokers during an identical period of experimental plaque accumulation. Hence, the early host response to the bacterial challenge appears to be of similar magnitude and timing in both groups.

• Authors: Giovanni E Salvi, Christoph A Ramseier, M Kandylaki, L Sigrist, E Awedowa, Niklaus P Lang
• Journal: Journal of clinical periodontology (J Clin Periodontol) Vol. 32 Issue 5 Pg. 441-7 (May 2005) ISSN: 0303-6979 [Print] United States
• PMID: 15842257 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• DNA, Bacterial

Topics

• Adult
• Case-Control Studies
• DNA, Bacterial (analysis)
• Dental Plaque (complications)
• Dental Plaque Index
• Female
• Gingivitis (etiology, microbiology, pathology)
• Humans
• Male
• Nucleic Acid Hybridization
• Periodontal Index
• Smoking (adverse effects)
• Statistics, Nonparametric