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A functional heparan sulfate mimetic implicates both heparanase and heparan sulfate in tumor angiogenesis and invasion in a mouse model of multistage cancer.

Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are integral components of the extracellular matrix that surrounds all mammalian cells. In addition to providing structural integrity, they act as a storage depot for a variety of heparan sulfate (HS)-binding proteins, including growth factors and chemokines. Heparanase is a matrix-degrading enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate side chains from the core proteoglycans, thus liberating such HS-binding proteins, as well as potentially contributing to extracellular matrix degradation. Here, we report that heparanase mRNA and protein expression are increased in the neoplastic stages progressively unfolding in a mouse model of multistage pancreatic islet carcinogenesis. Notably, heparanase is delivered to the neoplastic lesions in large part by infiltrating Gr1+/Mac1+ innate immune cells. A sulfated oligosaccharide mimetic of heparan sulfate, PI-88, was used to inhibit simultaneously both heparanase activity and HS effector functions. PI-88 had significant effects at distinct stages of tumorigenesis, producing a reduction in the number of early progenitor lesions and an impairment of tumor growth at later stages. These responses were associated with decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, impaired angiogenesis, and a substantive reduction in the number of invasive carcinomas. In addition, we show that the reduction in tumor angiogenesis is correlated with a reduced association of VEGF-A with its receptor VEGF-R2 on the tumor endothelium, implicating heparanase in the mobilization of matrix-associated VEGF. These data encourage clinical applications of inhibitors such as PI-88 for the many human cancers where heparanase expression is elevated or mobilization of HS-binding regulatory factors is implicated.
AuthorsJohanna A Joyce, Craig Freeman, Nicole Meyer-Morse, Christopher R Parish, Douglas Hanahan
JournalOncogene (Oncogene) Vol. 24 Issue 25 Pg. 4037-51 (Jun 09 2005) ISSN: 0950-9232 [Print] England
PMID15806157 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)
Chemical References
  • Peptide Fragments
  • Heparitin Sulfate
  • heparanase
  • Glucuronidase
Topics
  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Capillaries (physiology)
  • Cattle
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Endothelium, Vascular (physiology)
  • Flow Cytometry
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
  • Glucuronidase (genetics, metabolism)
  • Heparitin Sulfate (metabolism, pharmacology)
  • Islets of Langerhans (blood supply, pathology)
  • Mice
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Neovascularization, Pathologic (physiopathology)
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms (genetics)
  • Peptide Fragments (chemistry)
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction (methods)

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