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Immunophenotypic characterisation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1: clinical study and review of the literature.

Abstract
Autoimmune endocrinopathies are characterised by an increased number of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) expressing activation/ memory markers on their surface. The aim of this study was to determine whether a similar finding could be detected in a group of 11 paediatric and young adult patients suffering from autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 1 (APS1), also called autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), as very few data have previously been reported in this field. The control group was made up of 11 sex- and age-matched healthy subjects. Fifteen lymphocyte subsets were compared, in terms of percentage and absolute number, and statistical analysis was performed by the Mann-Whitney test. Measurement of T (CD3+), B (CD19+), natural killer (NK, CD3-CD16/56+), CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes showed that patients with APS1 had a higher percentage and absolute count of T lymphocytes: this was entirely due to the statistically larger CD3+CD4+ fraction. Patients with APS1 also had slightly fewer B and NK lymphocytes, but the difference was negligible. Comparison of CD4+ subpopulations bearing activation and naive/memory antigens (marked by CD69, CD25, anti-HLA-DR, CD45RA and CD45RO) showed that patients with APS1 had generally larger percentages and absolute counts of these subsets: however, only the percentage and absolute size of the CD4+CD25+ subset (p = 0.0354 and p = 0.0151, respectively), and the absolute number of the CD4+ anti-HLA-DR+ and CD4+ CD45RO+ subsets (p = 0.0193 and p = 0.0209, respectively) were significantly higher. Interestingly, patients with APS1 also had significantly fewer CD8+CD11b+ and CD3-CD8+ cells. In conclusion, PBL distribution in APS1 resembles that of other autoimmune diseases. Further studies are needed to confirm and possibly extend these data.
AuthorsRoberto Perniola, Giambattista Lobreglio, Maria Cristina Rosatelli, Elena Pitotti, Elisa Accogli, Corrado De Rinaldis
JournalJournal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM (J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab) Vol. 18 Issue 2 Pg. 155-64 (Feb 2005) ISSN: 0334-018X [Print] Germany
PMID15751604 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Controlled Clinical Trial, Journal Article)
Chemical References
  • Antigens, CD
  • Antigens, CD19
  • CD3 Complex
  • CD4 Antigens
  • CD8 Antigens
  • Transcription Factors
Topics
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Antigens, CD (analysis)
  • Antigens, CD19 (analysis)
  • CD3 Complex (analysis)
  • CD4 Antigens (analysis)
  • CD8 Antigens (analysis)
  • Child
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunophenotyping
  • Killer Cells, Natural
  • Lymphocyte Activation (genetics, immunology)
  • Lymphocyte Subsets (immunology)
  • Male
  • Matched-Pair Analysis
  • Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune (classification, genetics, immunology)
  • Reference Values
  • Statistics, Nonparametric
  • Transcription Factors (genetics)
  • AIRE Protein

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