Abstract | BACKGROUND: The high and steadily increasing incidence of ultraviolet-B (UV-B)-induced skin cancer is a problem recognized worldwide. UV introduces different types of damage into the DNA, notably cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and (6-4) photoproducts (6-4PPs). If unrepaired, these photolesions can give rise to cell death, mutation induction, and onset of carcinogenic events, but the relative contribution of CPDs and 6-4PPs to these biological consequences of UV exposure is hardly known. Because placental mammals have undergone an evolutionary loss of photolyases, repair enzymes that directly split CPDs and 6-4PPs into the respective monomers in a light-dependent and lesion-specific manner, they can only repair UV-induced DNA damage by the elaborate nucleotide excision repair pathway. RESULTS: To assess the relative contribution of CPDs and 6-4PPs to the detrimental effects of UV light, we generated transgenic mice that ubiquitously express CPD- photolyase, 6-4PP-photolyase, or both, thereby allowing rapid light-dependent repair of CPDs and/or 6-4PPs in the skin. We show that the vast majority of (semi)acute responses in the UV-exposed skin (i.e., sunburn, apoptosis, hyperplasia, and mutation induction) can be ascribed to CPDs. Moreover, CPD- photolyase mice, in contrast to 6-4PP-photolyase mice, exhibit superior resistance to sunlight-induced tumorigenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Our data unequivocally identify CPDs as the principal cause of nonmelanoma skin cancer and provide genetic evidence that CPD- photolyase enzymes can be employed as effective tools to combat skin cancer.
|
Authors | Judith Jans, Wouter Schul, Yurda-Gul Sert, Yvonne Rijksen, Heggert Rebel, Andre P M Eker, Satoshi Nakajima, Harry van Steeg, Frank R de Gruijl, Akira Yasui, Jan H J Hoeijmakers, Gijsbertus T J van der Horst |
Journal | Current biology : CB
(Curr Biol)
Vol. 15
Issue 2
Pg. 105-15
(Jan 26 2005)
ISSN: 0960-9822 [Print] England |
PMID | 15668165
(Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
|
Chemical References |
- Pyrimidine Dimers
- pyrimidine-pyrimidone dimer
- Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase
|
Topics |
- Animals
- Apoptosis
(radiation effects)
- Carcinoma
(etiology, prevention & control)
- Cell Line
- DNA Damage
(radiation effects)
- DNA Repair
(genetics)
- Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase
(genetics, metabolism)
- Gene Expression
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Pyrimidine Dimers
(metabolism)
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Skin Neoplasms
(etiology, prevention & control)
- Ultraviolet Rays
|