Myosin VIIa functions in the outer retina, and loss of this function causes human
blindness in
Usher syndrome type 1B (USH1B). In mice with mutant Myo7a, melanosomes in the
retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) are distributed abnormally. In this investigation we detected many
proteins in RPE cells that could potentially participate in melanosome transport, but of those tested, only
myosin VIIa and Rab27a were found to be required for normal distribution. Two other expressed
proteins, melanophilin and
myosin Va, both of which are required for normal melanosome distribution in melanocytes, were not required in RPE, despite the association of
myosin Va with the RPE melanosome fraction. Both
myosin VIIa and
myosin Va were immunodetected broadly in sections of the RPE, overlapping with a region of apical filamentous actin. Some 70-80% of the
myosin VIIa in RPE cells was detected on melanosome membranes by both subcellular fractionation of RPE cells and quantitative immunoelectron microscopy, consistent with a role for
myosin VIIa in melanosome motility. Time-lapse microscopy of melanosomes in primary cultures of mouse RPE cells demonstrated that the melanosomes move in a saltatory manner, interrupting slow movements with short bursts of rapid movement (>1 RR01183m/second). In RPE cells from Myo7a-null mice, both the slow and rapid movements still occurred, except that more melanosomes underwent rapid movements, and each movement extended approximately five times longer (and further). Hence, our studies demonstrate the presence of many potential effectors of melanosome motility and localization in the RPE, with a specific requirement for Rab27a and
myosin VIIa, which function by transporting and constraining melanosomes within a region of filamentous actin. The presence of two distinct melanosome velocities in both control and Myo7a-null RPE cells suggests the involvement of at least two motors other than
myosin VIIa in melanosome motility, most probably, a microtubule motor and
myosin Va.