To prevent bone loss that occurs with increasing age, nutritional and pharmacological factors are needed. Traditional therapeutic agents (
selective estrogen receptor modulators or
SERMs, biphosphonates,
calcitonin) may have serious side effects or
contraindications. In an attempt to find food components potentially acting as
SERMs, we submitted four plant aqueous extracts derived from Greek flora (Sideritis euboea, Sideritis clandestina, Marticaria chamomilla, and Pimpinella anisum) in a series of in vitro
biological assays reflective of
SERM profile. We examined their ability (a) to stimulate the differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic cell culture by histochemical staining for
alkaline phosphatase and
Alizarin Red-S staining, (b) to induce, like
antiestrogens, the
insulin growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) in MCF-7
breast cancer cells, and (c) to proliferate cervical
adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells by use of MTT assay. Our data reveal that all the
plant extracts studied at a concentration range 10-100 microg/mL stimulate osteoblastic cell differentiation and exhibit antiestrogenic effect on
breast cancer cells without proliferative effects on cervical
adenocarcinoma cells. The presence of
estradiol inhibited the antiestrogenic effect induced by the extracts on MCF-7 cells, suggesting an
estrogen receptor-related mechanism. In conclusion, the aqueous extracts derived from Sideritis euboea, Sideritis clandestina, Marticaria chamomilla, and Pimpinella anisum may form the basis to design "functional foods" for the prevention of
osteoporosis.