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A randomized clinical trial to compare fleroxacin-rifampicin with flucloxacillin or vancomycin for the treatment of staphylococcal infection.

AbstractBACKGROUND:
Oral combination therapy with fluoroquinolones plus rifampicin is a promising alternative to standard parenteral therapy for staphylococcal infections.
METHODS:
In a multicenter, randomized trial, we compared the efficacy, safety, and length of hospital stay for patients with staphylococcal infections treated either with an oral combination of a fluoroquinolone (fleroxacin) plus rifampicin or with standard parenteral treatment (flucloxacillin or vancomycin). Patients were included if cultures showed the presence of bacteremia or deep-seated infections with Staphylococcus aureus (104 patients) or catheter-related bacteremia due to drug-susceptible, coagulase-negative staphylococci (23 patients).
RESULTS:
The cure rate in the intention-to-treat analysis was 78% for the fleroxacin-rifampicin group (68 patients) and 75% for the standard therapy group (59 patients; 47 received flucloxacillin, and 12 received vancomycin); in the population of clinically evaluable patients (n=119), the cure rate was 82% and 80%, respectively; and in the population of microbiologically evaluable patients (n=103), the cure rate was 86% and 84%, respectively. Clinical and bacteriological failures after S. aureus infections were documented in similar proportions of patients. The median length of hospital stay after study entry was 12 days in the fleroxacin-rifampicin group, compared with 23 days in the standard treatment group (P=.006). More adverse events probably related to the study drug were reported in the fleroxacin-rifampicin group than in the standard therapy group (15 of 68 vs. 5 of 59 patients; P=.05).
CONCLUSIONS:
This study suggests that an oral regimen containing a fluoroquinolone plus rifampicin may be effective for treating staphylococcal infections, allowing earlier discharge from the hospital.
AuthorsJacques Schrenzel, Stephan Harbarth, Gérard Schockmel, Daniel Genné, Thomas Bregenzer, Ursula Flueckiger, Christiane Petignat, Frédérique Jacobs, Patrick Francioli, Werner Zimmerli, Daniel P Lew, Swiss Staphylococcal Study Group
JournalClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (Clin Infect Dis) Vol. 39 Issue 9 Pg. 1285-92 (Nov 01 2004) ISSN: 1537-6591 [Electronic] United States
PMID15494904 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Comparative Study, Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Floxacillin
  • Vancomycin
  • Fleroxacin
  • Rifampin
Topics
  • Administration, Oral
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Bacteremia (drug therapy)
  • Catheters, Indwelling (microbiology)
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Female
  • Fleroxacin (administration & dosage, adverse effects, therapeutic use)
  • Floxacillin (administration & dosage, adverse effects, therapeutic use)
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Methicillin Resistance (drug effects)
  • Middle Aged
  • Prospective Studies
  • Rifampin (administration & dosage, adverse effects, therapeutic use)
  • Safety
  • Staphylococcal Infections (diagnosis, drug therapy, metabolism)
  • Staphylococcus (drug effects, isolation & purification)
  • Staphylococcus aureus (drug effects, isolation & purification)
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Vancomycin (administration & dosage, adverse effects, therapeutic use)

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