The
antineoplastic activity of the
ruthenium complexes trans-imidazolium[tetracholorobisimidazole-ruthenate(III)], HIm(RuIm2Cl4), trans-indazolium-[tetrachlorobis(1H-
indazole)ruthenate (III, N2)],
HInd [RuInd2Cl4(N2)], and trans-indazolium[tetrachloro-bis(2H-
indazole)ruthenate(III,N 1)],
HInd[RuInd2Cl4-(N1)] was assessed in acetoxymethylmethylnitrosamine-induced autochthonous
colorectal carcinomas of Sprague-Dawley rats. The model is not sensitive to clinically established
antineoplastic agents, including
cisplatin. An exception is the combination
therapy with
5-fluorouracil/
leucovorin, which shows moderate activity against the tumour model. In contrast to this general trend, the new substances were all active against this tumour. HIm(RuIm2Cl4) was very effective at all dosages applied (7.5 mg/kg, 5.3 mg/kg, and 3.8 mg/kg), as indicated by percentage treated/control (T/C values of 23%, 34.5%, and 44%. Toxicity was considerable as shown by a
body weight change of -30%, -19%, and -9%. Nevertheless, the medium dose seems to be the optimum in terms of mortality (0% vs 15% in the control group), whereas at the highest dose, mortality increased as a result of substance toxicity, and at the lowest dose mortality increased through
tumor growth combined with substance toxicity.
HInd[RuInd2Cl4(N2)] showed high efficacy at the highest dosage of 13 mg/kg, reaching a T/C value of 27% combined with 0% mortality versus 15% in the control group. In equimolar dosages (10 mg/kg, 7.1 mg/kg and 5.1 mg/kg), the compound is not as active as HIm-(RuIm2Cl4), as indicated by T/C values of 50.2%, 45.7%, and 38.6%.
HInd[RuInd2Cl4(N1)] was slightly but not significantly better than
HInd[RuInd2Cl4(N2)] at a dosage of 7.1 mg/kg and is advantageous over combination
therapy with
5-fluorouracil and
leucovorin (20/20 mg/kg) in terms of efficacy (T/C = 37.6% versus 44.7%) and mortality (6% versus 33.3%).