Selective increase in pinolenic acid (all-cis-5,9,12-18:3) in Korean pine nut oil by crystallization and its effect on LDL-receptor activity.

Abstract

The aims of this study were to obtain concentrated pinolenic acid (5,9,12-18:3) from dietary Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) nut oil by urea complexation and to investigate its cholesterol-lowering effect on the LDL-receptor activity of human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Pine nut oil was hydrolyzed to provide a low-pinolenic acid-containing FA extract (LPAFAE), followed by crystallization with different ratios of urea in ethanol (EtOH) or methanol (MeOH) as a solvent to produce a high-pinolenic acid-containing FA extract (HPAFAE). The profiles of HPAFAE obtained by urea complexation showed different FA compositions compared with LPAFAE. The long-chain saturated FA palmitic acid (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0) were decreased with urea/FA ratios (UFR) of 1:1 (UFR1), 2:1 (UFR2), and 3:1 (UFR3). Linoleic acid (9,12-18:2) was increased 1.3 times with UFR2 in EtOH, and linolenic acid (9,12,15-18:3) was increased 1.5 times with UFR3 in MeOH after crystallization. The crystallization with UFR3 in EtOH provided the highest concentration of pinolenic acid, which was elevated by 3.2-fold from 14.1 to 45.1%, whereas that of linoleic acid (9,12-18:2) was not changed, and that of oleic acid (9-18:1) was decreased 7.2-fold. Treatment of HepG2 cells with HPAFE resulted in significantly higher internalization of 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine-LDL (47.0 +/- 0.15) as compared with treatment with LPAFAE (25.6 +/- 0.36) (P< 0.05). Thus, we demonstrate a method for the concentration of pinolenic acid and suggest that this concentrate may have LDL-lowering properties by enhancing hepatic LDL uptake.

• Authors: Jin-Won Lee, Kwang-Won Lee, Seog-Won Lee, In-Hwan Kim, Chul Rhee
• Journal: Lipids (Lipids) Vol. 39 Issue 4 Pg. 383-7 (Apr 2004) ISSN: 0024-4201 [Print] United States
• PMID: 15357026 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Carbocyanines
• Dietary Fats, Unsaturated
• Fluorescent Dyes
• Linolenic Acids
• Plant Oils
• Receptors, LDL
• 5,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid
• 3,3'-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine
• Urea

Topics

• Animals
• Carbocyanines (metabolism)
• Cell Line, Tumor
• Crystallization
• Dietary Fats, Unsaturated (metabolism)
• Fluorescent Dyes (metabolism)
• Humans
• Korea
• Linolenic Acids (chemistry, isolation & purification, metabolism)
• Nuts (chemistry)
• Pinus (chemistry)
• Plant Oils (chemistry)
• Receptors, LDL (metabolism)
• Urea (chemistry)