Successful induction of protective antibody responses against Haemophilus influenzae type b and diphtheria after transcutaneous immunization with the glycoconjugate polyribosyl ribitol phosphate-cross-reacting material 197 vaccine.

Abstract	We examined the antibody responses elicited in rats after transcutaneous immunization (TCI) with the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)-cross-reacting material (CRM(197)) glycoconjugate vaccine coadministered with cholera toxin or mutants of heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli (LTK63 and LTR72) as adjuvants. The glycoconjugate vaccine was immunogenic, eliciting high antibody responses to the capsular polysaccharide of Hib and to diphtheria toxin. Passively transferred immune serum protected infant rats against challenge with the Hib Eagan strain and exhibited strong neutralizing activity against diphtheria toxin both in vitro and in vivo. The finding that TCI of rats can elicit antibody responses surpassing the minimum levels required for protective immunity against Hib and diphtheria suggests that this immunization strategy holds a lot of promise for future pediatric use. However, further studies are required to confirm the potential of TCI with glycoconjugate vaccines in humans.
Authors	Fatme Mawas, Marisa Peyre, Anne-Sophie Beignon, Laura Frost, Giuseppe Del Giudice, Rino Rappuoli, Sylviane Muller, Dorothea Sesardic, Charalambos D Partidos
Journal	The Journal of infectious diseases (J Infect Dis) Vol. 190 Issue 6 Pg. 1177-82 (Sep 15 2004) ISSN: 0022-1899 [Print] United States
PMID	15319869 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References	Adjuvants, Immunologic Antibodies, Bacterial Bacterial Proteins Bacterial Toxins Diphtheria Toxin Enterotoxins Escherichia coli Proteins Glycoconjugates Haemophilus Vaccines Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccine Polysaccharides Polysaccharides, Bacterial Vaccines, Conjugate CRM197 (non-toxic variant of diphtheria toxin) HibTITER protein, Haemophilus influenzae polyribitol phosphate Cholera Toxin heat-labile enterotoxin, E coli
Topics	Adjuvants, Immunologic (administration & dosage) Administration, Cutaneous Animals Antibodies, Bacterial (biosynthesis, blood, immunology) Bacterial Capsules Bacterial Proteins (administration & dosage, immunology) Bacterial Toxins (administration & dosage, immunology) Cholera Toxin (administration & dosage, immunology) Diphtheria Toxin (immunology) Enterotoxins (administration & dosage, immunology) Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Escherichia coli Proteins Female Glycoconjugates (immunology) Haemophilus Infections (immunology, prevention & control) Haemophilus Vaccines (administration & dosage, immunology) Haemophilus influenzae type b (immunology) Immunization, Passive Polysaccharides (immunology) Polysaccharides, Bacterial (immunology) Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Vaccination Vaccines, Conjugate (immunology)

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