Abstract |
Cell-mediated memory immune responses to viral antigens are important for protection against viruses causing persistent or acute infections. This study compared the cytokine profile of memory T-helper cells specific for cytomegalovirus (CMV) in healthy CMV-seropositive men and women. The cytokine response reflected T(H)1 bias, with dominant secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma along with moderate levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-2. Analyzed by gender, women had higher and significant spontaneous release of IFN-gamma and CMV-specific IL-2 secretion. Similar analysis with herpes simplex virus-1 showed a trend toward higher cytokine responsiveness in women, but the differences were not statistically significant. In contrast, men had statistically significant higher influenza virus-specific tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion. IL-4 and IL-5, both T(H)2 cytokines, were low for all three viruses. The results show a predominant T(H)1 antiviral cytokine T-help memory response with significant differences linked to gender. Such differences may have an impact in the design of immunization strategies against CMV.
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Authors | Maria C Villacres, Jeff Longmate, Catherine Auge, Don J Diamond |
Journal | Human immunology
(Hum Immunol)
Vol. 65
Issue 5
Pg. 476-85
(May 2004)
ISSN: 0198-8859 [Print] United States |
PMID | 15172447
(Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)
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Chemical References |
- Antibodies
- Antigens
- Antigens, CD
- Cytokines
- Interleukin-2
- Interleukin-5
- Phytohemagglutinins
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
- Interleukin-10
- Interleukin-4
- Interferon-gamma
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Topics |
- Adult
- Aged
- Antibodies
(blood)
- Antigens
(pharmacology)
- Antigens, CD
(analysis)
- Cell Proliferation
(drug effects)
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Cytokines
(immunology, metabolism)
- Cytomegalovirus
(immunology)
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Herpesvirus 1, Human
(immunology)
- Humans
- Immunologic Memory
(immunology)
- Interferon-gamma
(metabolism)
- Interleukin-10
(metabolism)
- Interleukin-2
(metabolism)
- Interleukin-4
(metabolism)
- Interleukin-5
(metabolism)
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear
(drug effects, immunology, metabolism)
- Linear Models
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Orthomyxoviridae
(immunology)
- Phytohemagglutinins
(pharmacology)
- Sex Factors
- Th1 Cells
(immunology, metabolism)
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
(metabolism)
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