The role of lipopolysaccharide in infectious bone resorption of periapical lesion.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

The role of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in periapical lesion-induced bone resorption was investigated. Polymyxin B (PMB), a specific inhibitor of LPS, was evaluated to treat the apical lesion.

METHODS:

Lipopolysaccharide isolated from two common endodontic pathogens, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas endodontalis, stimulated mouse macrophage (J774) to release interleukin-1alpha (IL-1 alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in a time-dependent manner.

RESULTS:

Combination of LPS further enhanced the stimulation. PMB inhibited these effects significantly. LPS also stimulated matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) gene expression in J774, whereas anti-IL-1 alpha and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies, as well as PMB, diminished this effect. A disease model of periapical lesion was established in Wistar rat. Administration of PMB reduced the extent of lesion-associated bone resorption by 76% to approximately 80%, and simultaneously reduced the numbers of MMP-1-producing macrophages.

CONCLUSIONS:

It is suggested that LPS released from the infected root canal triggers the synthesis of IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha from macrophages. These pro-inflammatory cytokines up-regulate the production of MMP-1 by macrophages to promote periapical bone resorption.

• Authors: Chi-Yuan Hong, Sze-Kwan Lin, Sang-Heng Kok, Shih-Jung Cheng, Ming-Shu Lee, Tong-Mei Wang, Chuan-Shuo Chen, Li-Deh Lin, Juo-Song Wang
• Journal: Journal of oral pathology & medicine : official publication of the International Association of Oral Pathologists and the American Academy of Oral Pathology (J Oral Pathol Med) Vol. 33 Issue 3 Pg. 162-9 (Mar 2004) ISSN: 0904-2512 [Print] Denmark
• PMID: 15128058 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Anti-Bacterial Agents
• Interleukin-1
• Lipopolysaccharides
• Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
• Matrix Metalloproteinase 1
• Polymyxin B

Topics

• Alveolar Bone Loss (drug therapy, microbiology)
• Analysis of Variance
• Animals
• Anti-Bacterial Agents (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Cells, Cultured
• Disease Models, Animal
• Fusobacterium nucleatum (pathogenicity)
• Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections (drug therapy, metabolism)
• Immunoenzyme Techniques
• Interleukin-1 (biosynthesis)
• Lipopolysaccharides (antagonists & inhibitors, metabolism)
• Macrophages (drug effects, metabolism)
• Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 (biosynthesis)
• Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors
• Mice
• Osteoclasts (metabolism)
• Periapical Periodontitis (drug therapy, microbiology)
• Polymyxin B (pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Porphyromonas endodontalis (pathogenicity)
• Rats
• Rats, Wistar
• Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (biosynthesis)