EPC-K1, a
hydroxyl radical scavenger synthesized by
phosphate linkage of
vitamin E and
vitamin C, prevents
myocardial reperfusion injury in vivo; however, the direct effects of
EPC-K1 on coronary arteries are unknown. These experiments were undertaken to define possible mechanisms through which
EPC-K1 imparts its protective action on the coronary vasculature.
EPC-K1 (10(-5) to 10(-1) mg/ml) induced concentration-dependent relaxation in contracted canine coronary artery segments with endothelium, but no change in tension of arterial segments without endothelium (p<0.05, ANOVA). Endothelium-dependent relaxation to
EPC-K1 was inhibited by N(G)-monomethyl-(
L)-arginine ((
L)-NMMA) (10(-5) mol/L). Inhibition of relaxation by (
L)-NMMA was reversed by the addition of (
L)-arginine (10(-4) mol/L), but not by (D)-
arginine (10 (-4) mol/L). Subsequent exposure of canine coronary artery segments with intact endothelium to
hydroxyl radicals for 30 min (generated by FeSO(4) [0.56 mmol/L] + H(2)O(2) [0.56 mmol/L]) impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation. However, pretreating the vascular segments with
EPC-K1 (10(-4) mg/ml) prevented
hydroxyl radical-mediated endothelial cell injury and maintained endothelium-dependent relaxation. These experiments indicate that
EPC-K1 stimulates the release of
endothelium-derived nitric oxide, an endogenous
vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet and leukocyte activation and adhesion, from the coronary artery endothelium. Additionally,
EPC-K1 scavenges
hydroxyl radicals that mediate endothelial cell injury. These 2 independent and important actions are possible mechanisms by which
EPC-K1 prevents
reperfusion injury in the ischemic heart.