Endothelin (ET)-1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes,
arteriosclerosis, and
chronic renal failure. We studied whether
low-density lipoprotein (
LDL)
apheresis alters plasma ET-1 levels in diabetic
hemodialysis patients with
arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO). Plasma ET-1 levels were measured in 30 healthy control subjects (Group A), 30 diabetes patients without ASO (Group B), 20 diabetes patients with ASO (Group C), 20 diabetes patients without ASO who were undergoing
hemodialysis (Group D), and 6 diabetes patients with ASO who were undergoing
hemodialysis (Group E).
Hemodialysis patients were dialyzed three times weekly with a
bicarbonate dialysate. Six diabetic
hemodialysis patients with ASO underwent
LDL apheresis once weekly for 10 weeks, and the change in plasma ET-1 levels due to
LDL apheresis was measured.
LDL apheresis resulted in a statistically significant decrease in levels of total
cholesterol and
LDL cholesterol. In addition,
LDL apheresis improved clinical symptoms in all patients. Plasma ET-1 levels in Group E (15.0+/-1.9 pg/ml) were significantly higher than those in Groups A (1.0+/-0.6 pg/ml, P<.001), B (1.3+/-0.5 pg/ml, P<.001), C (5.6+/-1.0 pg/ml, P<.001), and D (10.4+/-1.6 pg/ml, P<.01). Plasma ET-1 levels decreased progressively and significantly after a single
LDL apheresis began (9.4+/-1.0 pg/ml after 60 min, P<.001, and 6.0+/-1.0 pg/ml after 120 min, P<.001). These data suggest that ET-1 may be associated with
arteriosclerosis and that
LDL apheresis enhances peripheral microcirculation in part by reducing the production of ET-1 in diabetic
hemodialysis patients with ASO.