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Detection, quantitation, and phylogenetic analysis of noroviruses in Japanese oysters.

Abstract
Noroviruses (NVs) cause many cases of oyster- or clam-associated gastroenteritis in various countries. We collected 191 samples from Japanese oysters intended for raw consumption that had been harvested from the sea in two different areas between December 2001 and February 2002. To detect, quantitate, and phylogenetically analyze the NV genome in purified concentrates from the stomachs and digestive diverticula of these oysters, we amplified the NV capsid gene by reverse transcription-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis was performed by using the neighbor-joining method. We detected the NV genome in 17 of 191 oysters (9%). Phylogenetic analysis indicated genogroup I (Norwalk virus type) in 3 of the 17 oysters and genogroup II (Snow Mountain virus type) in the other 14. Both genogroups showed wide genetic diversity. To quantify the NV capsid gene in these oysters, we performed real-time PCR using genogroup-specific probes. More than 10(2) copies of the NV genome were detected in 11 of 17 oysters. The results suggested that about 10% of Japanese oysters intended for raw consumption harbored NVs, and more than 50% of those oysters in which NVs were detected had a large amount.
AuthorsTomoko Nishida, Hirokazu Kimura, Mika Saitoh, Michiyo Shinohara, Masahiko Kato, Shinji Fukuda, Tetsuya Munemura, Toshiyuki Mikami, Ayumi Kawamoto, Miho Akiyama, Yumiko Kato, Kanako Nishi, Kunihisa Kozawa, Osamu Nishio
JournalApplied and environmental microbiology (Appl Environ Microbiol) Vol. 69 Issue 10 Pg. 5782-6 (Oct 2003) ISSN: 0099-2240 [Print] United States
PMID14532025 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
Chemical References
  • Capsid Proteins
  • RNA, Viral
Topics
  • Animals
  • Capsid
  • Capsid Proteins (genetics)
  • Japan
  • Norovirus (classification, genetics, isolation & purification)
  • Ostreidae (virology)
  • Phylogeny
  • RNA, Viral (isolation & purification)
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Shellfish (virology)

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