We report a 21-year-old woman in whom
chorea was associated with
antiphospholipid antibodies. In August 1986, she developed
involuntary movement which started in the right hand but subsided spontaneously. In September 1988, she again developed right-sided
involuntary movements which started in the right hand but rapidly progressed to involve the whole of the right side. In September 1990, she was admitted to our hospital for investigation of
choreiform movements, because her
involuntary movements had progressed to involve all four extremities. She had no family or past history of
chorea, psychiatric, rheumatological or
vascular disease. On admission, she had difficulty in speaking and swallowing due to
choreiform movements of her mouth and tongue. Her gait was unsteady. On walking she had wild gyrations of the arms.
Choreiform movements of all four extremities, neck, face, mouth and tongue were present at rest, more marked on the right side. There was no other neurological deficits. She had none of the classical features of SLE. She had none of the complications commonly associated with
antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) (i.e., recurrent
spontaneous abortion,
thrombosis and
thrombocytopenia). Laboratory tests revealed that
antinuclear antibody was present.
Cardiolipin antibody (VDRL) was positive but specific tests for
syphilis were negative.
Anticardiolipin antibodies were present. All coagulation studies have failed to reveal
lupus anticoagulant. Brain CT, MRI, 123IMP-SPECT and cerebral angiography were normal. Associated with her
chorea, she had the serological but not the clinical features of APS. We suggest that
antiphospholipid antibodies should be looked for in all unexplained cases of
chorea, even when the associated clinical signs of APS are absent.