Immune response to a diphtheria and tetanus toxoid administration in a three-dose diphtheria tetanus whole-cell pertussis/enhanced inactivated poliovirus vaccination schedule: a 7-year follow up.

Abstract

The immune response to diphtheria and tetanus toxoid components of a combined diphtheria tetanus whole-cell pertussis/enhanced inactivated poliovirus (DTwP/eIPV) vaccine, administered in a three-dose schedule to infants at 2, 3 1/2 and 10 months of age and followed by a booster at the age of 8 years, was compared with the immune profile of a group of children at the same ages given the customary DTwP vaccine schedule at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age and a booster at the age of 8. Diphtheria- and tetanus-antitoxin titers were measured in parallel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). After the reinforcing dose given at 10 months of age, diphtheria antitoxin concentrations of > or = 0.01 IU/ml were found in 100% of infants in the study group, 91.7% of whom reached a titer of > or = 0.1 IU/ml and a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 0.40 and 0.93 IU/ml in ELISA and RIA, respectively. At 3 and 6 years of age, diphtheria antitoxin values of > or = 0.01 IU/ml were detected in 100 and 94% of children with GMT of 0.043 and 0.024 IU/ml, respectively. Seropositivity and GMT values indicative of protection were measured by both ELISA and RIA after the booster at the age of 8 years. Similar results were found in the control group, although the GMT tended to be higher. A good correlation between results obtained by ELISA vs. RIA was evident throughout. Priming at 2 and 3 1/2 months with diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin, as a component of a DTwP program, and reinforcing 6 months later induced an immune response indicative of protection against the diseases, which persisted up to the age of the booster recommended at school entry.

• Authors: T A Swartz, P Saliou, E Catznelson, C Blondeau, I Gil, T Peled, O Havkin, M Fletcher
• Journal: European journal of epidemiology (Eur J Epidemiol) Vol. 18 Issue 8 Pg. 827-33 ( 2003) ISSN: 0393-2990 [Print] Netherlands
• PMID: 12974560 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Diphtheria Antitoxin
• Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine
• Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine
• Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated
• Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral
• Tetanus Antitoxin

Topics

• Child
• Cohort Studies
• Diphtheria Antitoxin (immunology)
• Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine (administration & dosage)
• Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine (administration & dosage, immunology)
• Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Immunization Schedule
• Immunization, Secondary
• Infant
• Israel
• Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated (administration & dosage, immunology)
• Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral (administration & dosage)
• Radioimmunoassay
• Tetanus Antitoxin (immunology)