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Absence of liver tumor promoting effects of annatto extract (norbixin), a natural carotenoid food color, in a medium-term liver carcinogenesis bioassay using male F344 rats.

Abstract
Modifying potential of annatto extract (norbixin) on liver carcinogenesis was investigated in male F344/DuCrj rats initially treated with N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN). Two weeks after a single dose of DEN (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), rats were given annatto extract at dietary levels of 0, 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3%, or phenobarbital sodium at 0.05% as a positive control for 6 weeks. All animals were subjected to partial hepatectomy at week 3, and were killed at week 8. There were no deaths related to annatto extract ingestion, and the treatment had no effects on body weights, or food and water consumption. Statistically significant increases of absolute and relative liver weights were apparent in the 0.1 and 0.3% groups. However, annatto extract did not significantly increase the quantitative values for glutathione S-transferase placental form positive liver cell foci observed after DEN initiation, in clear contrast to the positive control case. The results thus demonstrate that annatto extract at a dietary level of 0.3% (200 mg/kg/day) lacks modifying potential for liver carcinogenesis in our medium-term bioassay system.
AuthorsAkihiro Hagiwara, Norio Imai, Yuko Doi, Kyoko Nabae, Takeshi Hirota, Hiroko Yoshino, Mayumi Kawabe, Yoko Tsushima, Hiromitsu Aoki, Kazuo Yasuhara, Takatoshi Koda, Mikio Nakamura, Tomoyuki Shirai
JournalCancer letters (Cancer Lett) Vol. 199 Issue 1 Pg. 9-17 (Sep 10 2003) ISSN: 0304-3835 [Print] Ireland
PMID12963118 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
Chemical References
  • Carcinogens
  • Food Coloring Agents
  • Carotenoids
  • norbixin
  • Phenobarbital
Topics
  • Animals
  • Body Weight (drug effects)
  • Carcinogenicity Tests
  • Carcinogens (toxicity)
  • Carotenoids (toxicity)
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Food Coloring Agents
  • Liver (anatomy & histology, drug effects)
  • Liver Neoplasms (chemically induced, pathology)
  • Male
  • Organ Size (drug effects)
  • Phenobarbital (toxicity)
  • Rats
  • Rats, Inbred F344

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