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Proposed vitamin a fortification levels.

Abstract
Fortified complementary foods could be effective in preventing and controlling vitamin A and other common nutritional deficiencies in young children. Milk from well-nourished women is an excellent source of vitamin A. However, in Latin America many children are weaned prematurely and must receive the entire requirement of vitamin A from food. This paper proposes vitamin A fortification levels for foods targeted for children aged 6-23 mo to meet the existing intake gap among both breast-fed and weaned infants and young children. Estimates assume a nonsignificant contribution of common complementary foods and average levels of human milk intake by breast-fed infants and children. The estimated vitamin A gap for breast-fed infants aged 6-11 mo amounts to 63-92 microg RE [16-23% of recommended daily intake (RDI)] and for breast-fed children reaches 125 microg RE (31% of RDI). Weaned infants and children would have to fully meet the RDI (400 microg RE) from complementary foods. A fortified complementary food with 500 mg RE/100 g of dry product provided daily in a single ration of 40 g would meet 50% of the gap for weaned infants aged 6-11 mo and would raise the total intake above RDI for breast-fed infants aged 6-8 mo (125%) and 9-11 mo (127%). The same fortified food given in a daily ration of 60 mg would meet most of the gap (75%) for weaned children aged 12-23 mo and would increase total intake of breast-fed children aged 12-23 mo well above the RDI (144%), with no risk of exceeding established upper tolerable intake levels.
AuthorsJose O Mora
JournalThe Journal of nutrition (J Nutr) Vol. 133 Issue 9 Pg. 2990S-3S (Sep 2003) ISSN: 0022-3166 [Print] United States
PMID12949398 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
Chemical References
  • Vitamin A
Topics
  • Breast Feeding
  • Diet
  • Food, Fortified
  • Guidelines as Topic
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Nutrition Policy
  • Vitamin A (administration & dosage)
  • Weaning

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