With regard to
oral contraceptives, much research has concentrated on
venous thrombosis and on the coronary and cerebral forms of atherosclerotic disease, while
peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has received little attention. In this case-control study, we assessed
oral contraceptive use and the risk of PAD in young women using a population-based case-control study. The women were 18-49 years of age, and had been admitted to a collaborating hospital between January 1990 and October 1995, and had a diagnosis of PAD. Participants were patients with PAD (n = 152), and control women (n = 925), identified by random digit dialing. The diagnosis of PAD was based almost exclusively on intra-arterial angiography. Patients and control subjects filled out the same structured questionnaire, which included questions on medical history, cardiovascular risk factors, and
contraceptive use. The adjusted odds ratio for PAD in women using any type of
oral contraceptives vs. no use, was 3.8 (95% CI 2.4-5.8). When first generation
oral contraceptive use was compared with no use, the odds ratio was 8.7 (95% CI 3.6-21.3). For second and third generation
oral contraceptives, the adjusted odds ratios (compared with non-users) were 2.6 (95% CI 1.4-4.9) and 3.0 (95% CI 1.4-6.6), respectively. This is the first study on
oral contraceptive use and PAD in humans. All types of
oral contraceptives were associated with an increased risk of PAD.