Approval summary: imatinib mesylate capsules for treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia in chronic phase.

Abstract

PURPOSE:

The purpose is to describe the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review and approval of imatinib (Gleevec; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ) for treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in chronic phase.

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN:

The FDA reviewed data in electronic format from a randomized controlled clinical trial of 1106 adult patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive CML in chronic phase, comparing imatinib with the combination of IFN-alpha and cytarabine.

RESULTS:

Imatinib showed clinically and statistically significantly better results for time-to-progression to accelerated phase or blast crisis, progression-free survival, complete hematological response rate, and cytogenetic response rate. With a median follow-up of 14 months, a maximum follow-up of 19.5 months, and an expected median survival of 5-6 years on the IFN-alpha/cytarabine control arm, few of the expected progressions to accelerated or blast phase or deaths have occurred. Imatinib was also better tolerated. Edema, nausea, rigors, neutropenia, and headache were more frequent in women. Only 57% of the IFN-alpha target dose was administered, and only 68% of patients received any cytarabine. However, this does not appear to adequately explain the superiority of imatinib observed in this trial. Results of a population pharmacokinetic study in a subgroup of 371 patients and a separate rifampin-imatinib drug-drug interaction study in healthy volunteers are presented.

CONCLUSIONS:

On December 20, 2002, imatinib was granted accelerated approval under subpart H, rather than regular approval. Follow-up is short compared with the natural history of chronic phase CML or more mature results with established therapies such as IFN-alpha or transplantation. If imatinib should stop working after 1.5-2 years, the results could be importantly different from the present analysis. As a Phase IV postmarketing commitment, the applicant has agreed to provide follow-up reports on this imatinib study annually for the next 6 years.

• Authors: John R Johnson, Peter Bross, Martin Cohen, Mark Rothmann, Gang Chen, Anne Zajicek, Joga Gobburu, Atiqur Rahman, Ann Staten, Richard Pazdur
• Journal: Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (Clin Cancer Res) Vol. 9 Issue 6 Pg. 1972-9 (Jun 2003) ISSN: 1078-0432 [Print] United States
• PMID: 12796358 (Publication Type: Clinical Trial, Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial)

Chemical References

• Antineoplastic Agents
• Benzamides
• Capsules
• Piperazines
• Pyrimidines
• Imatinib Mesylate

Topics

• Adult
• Age Factors
• Aged
• Antineoplastic Agents (therapeutic use)
• Benzamides
• Capsules
• Female
• Humans
• Imatinib Mesylate
• Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive (drug therapy, genetics)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Piperazines (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Pyrimidines (adverse effects, therapeutic use)
• Sex Factors