Evidence suggests that
folate may play a role in
cancer prevention. A plausible mechanism for prevention lies in the integral role that
folate plays in
deoxyribonucleic acid (
DNA) synthesis and methylation. DNA methylation most likely regulates gene expression. Abnormal methylation, specifically hypomethylation, has been associated with
tumorigenesis. The availability of methyl groups needed for adequate DNA methylation may be negatively influenced by low
folate status, alcohol intake, or genetic polymorphisms that affect
folate metabolism. Observational studies evaluating the association between
folate and risk for colorectal and
cervical cancers or
precancerous conditions have produced conflicting results, and clinical trial data are needed to confirm a cause-and-effect relationship. However, several studies show interesting associations between
cancer risk and factors that influence methyl group availability. Although data relating
folate to
cancer risk remain equivocal, when coupled with the other potential health benefits associated with
folate, evidence supports recommending that people consume
folate-rich foods such as fruits and vegetables. People consuming alcohol on a daily basis may especially benefit from additional
folate in their diets.