Liver
trauma, the main cause of death in patients suffering
abdominal injury, remains an unresolved problem, especially in its most severe forms. The objective of this study was to probe effective
surgical procedures and improve the outcome for patients with severe hepatic injury. A retrospective study of 348 patients with hepatic
trauma seen in our institution during the past 12 years was carried out. Of these 348 patients, 259 (74.4%) underwent surgery. To manage severe liver
trauma (American Association for the Surgery of
Trauma grade III to grade V), procedures such as packing of the
laceration with omentum,
hepatectomy or direct control of
bleeding vessels within the liver substance by means of the Pringle maneuver, selective hepatic artery
ligation, retrohepatic caval repair with total hepatic vascular occlusion, and perihepatic packing were selected and combined based on the specific injury. In the 259 patients treated operatively, the survival rate was 86.9% (225/259); and 15 of 40 with retrohepatic venous injury (RHVI) were cured with the maximum
blood transfusion of 60 units. In 42 patients treated by perihepatic packing, the
bleeding was stopped in 20 of 25 (80%) with RHVI and in 14 of 17 (82%) without such injury ( p > 0.75). The percentage of failure of nonoperative management was 17.2% (17/99); and it was 46.7% (14/30) in patients with grade III-V injury. Death occurred in 3 (50%) of 6 failures of grade IV-V injury. The overall mortality rate was 11.8% (41/348), and 51% of the deaths were due to
exsanguination. The results suggest that severe hepatic
injuries, especially grade IV-V
injuries, usually require surgical intervention; reasonable
surgical procedures based on classification of liver
trauma and combined application of techniques can increase the survival rate; and perihepatic packing is effective in dealing with RHVI.