XR5118 [(3 Z,6 Z )-6-benzylidine-3-(5-(2-dimethylaminoethyl-thio-))-2-(thienyl)methylene-2,5-dipiperazinedione hydrochloride] can inactivate the anti-proteolytic activity of the
serpin plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a potential therapeutic target in
cancer and
cardiovascular diseases.
Serpins inhibit their target
proteases by the P(1) residue of their reactive centre loop (RCL) forming an
ester bond with the active-site
serine residue of the
protease, followed by insertion of the RCL into the
serpin's large central beta-sheet A. In the present study, we show that the RCL of XR5118-inactivated
PAI-1 is inert to reaction with its target
proteases and has a decreased susceptibility to non-target
proteases, in spite of a generally increased proteolytic susceptibility of specific
peptide bonds elsewhere in
PAI-1. The properties of XR5118-inactivated
PAI-1 were different from those of the so-called latent form of
PAI-1.
Alanine substitution of several individual residues decreased the susceptibility of
PAI-1 to
XR5118. The localization of these residues in the three-dimensional structure of
PAI-1 suggested that the XR5118-induced inactivating conformational change requires mobility of alpha-helix F, situated above beta-sheet A, and is in agreement with the hypothesis that
XR5118 binds laterally to beta-sheet A. These results improve our understanding of the unique conformational flexibility of
serpins and the biochemical basis for using
PAI-1 as a therapeutic target.