Cigarette smoking and increased urine albumin excretion are interrelated predictors of nephropathy progression in type 2 diabetes.

Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Increased urine albumin excretion (UAE) predicts nephropathy progression in type 2 diabetes, whereas improved blood pressure (BP) control and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition ameliorate both albuminuria and nephropathy progression. Cigarette smoking (CS) predicts nephropathy progression in patients with type 2 diabetes despite improved BP control and ACE inhibition. We tested the hypothesis that CS and increased UAE are interrelated predictors of nephropathy progression in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing improved BP control and ACE inhibition.

METHODS:

We prospectively followed plasma creatinine (P(cr)) levels and UAE as albumin-creatinine (alb-cr) ratio for 63.9 +/- 0.6 months in 84 patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing BP control with regimens including ACE inhibitors.

RESULTS:

Despite ACE inhibition and mean BP reduction from 113.7 +/- 1.8 to 92.3 +/- 0.6 mm Hg (P < 0.001), P(cr) increased (1.03 +/- 0.02 to 1.25 +/- 0.04 mg/dL [91.1 +/- 1.8 to 110.5 +/- 3.5 micromol/L]; P < 0.001) during follow-up. Regression analysis showed that entry alb-cr ratio, but not CS, predicted nephropathy progression when considering both factors together, but CS predicted progression only when excluding alb-cr ratio. Nephropathy progression was minimal for lower levels of alb-cr ratio at entry, but increased progressively for levels greater than 300. Alb-cr ratio increment during follow-up directly correlated with nephropathy progression (r2 = 0.307; P < 0.001) and was greater in smokers than nonsmokers (1,878 +/- 346 versus 553 +/- 214; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:

Data show that CS and increased UAE are interrelated predictors of nephropathy progression in patients with type 2 diabetes, and CS increases UAE in these patients despite improved BP control and ACE inhibition.

• Authors: Temduang Chuahirun, Apurv Khanna, Kay Kimball, Donald E Wesson
• Journal: American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation (Am J Kidney Dis) Vol. 41 Issue 1 Pg. 13-21 (Jan 2003) ISSN: 1523-6838 [Electronic] United States
• PMID: 12500217 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
• Copyright: Copyright 2003 by the National Kidney Foundation Inc.

Chemical References

• Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
• Serum Albumin
• Creatinine

Topics

• Adult
• Albuminuria (blood, etiology)
• Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (therapeutic use)
• Blood Pressure (drug effects)
• Creatinine (blood)
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 (blood, drug therapy, pathology, urine)
• Diabetic Nephropathies (blood, drug therapy, etiology, urine)
• Disease Progression
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Humans
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Predictive Value of Tests
• Prospective Studies
• Regression Analysis
• Serum Albumin (metabolism)
• Smoking (adverse effects, blood, urine)