Protodioscin isolated from fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) induces cell death and morphological change indicative of apoptosis in leukemic cell line H-60, but not in gastric cancer cell line KATO III.

Abstract	Protodioscin (PD) was purified from fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.) and identified by Mass, and 1H- and 13C-NMR. The effects of PD on cell viability in human leukemia HL-60 and human stomach cancer KATO III cells were investigated. PD displayed strong growth inhibitory effect against HL-60 cells, but weak growth inhibitory effect on KATO III cells. Morphological change showing apoptotic bodies was observed in the HL-60 cells treated with PD, but not in KATO III cells treated with PD. Flow cytometric analysis showed that the hypodiploid nuclei of HL-60 cells were increased to 75.2, 96.3, and 100% after a 3-day treatment with 2.5, 5, and 10 microM PD, respectively. The fragmentation by PD of DNA to oligonucleosomal-sized fragments, that is a characteristic of apoptosis, was observed to be both concentration- and time-dependent in the HL-60 cells. These findings suggest that growth inhibition by PD of HL-60 cells results from the induction of apoptosis by this compound in HL-60 cells.
Authors	Hiroshige Hibasami, Hiroyuki Moteki, Kengo Ishikawa, Hirotaka Katsuzaki, Kunio Imai, Kazumi Yoshioka, Yaeko Ishii, Takashi Komiya
Journal	International journal of molecular medicine (Int J Mol Med) Vol. 11 Issue 1 Pg. 23-6 (Jan 2003) ISSN: 1107-3756 [Print] Greece
PMID	12469212 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article)
Chemical References	DNA, Neoplasm Drugs, Chinese Herbal Oligosaccharides Saponins protodioscin Diosgenin
Topics	Apoptosis (drug effects) Carbohydrate Conformation Carbohydrate Sequence Cell Death (drug effects) Cell Survival (drug effects) DNA, Neoplasm (drug effects, metabolism) Diosgenin (analogs & derivatives, chemistry, isolation & purification, pharmacology) Drugs, Chinese Herbal (isolation & purification, pharmacology) HL-60 Cells Humans Kinetics Lymphocytes (cytology, drug effects) Molecular Sequence Data Oligosaccharides (chemistry, isolation & purification) Saponins (chemistry, isolation & purification, pharmacology) Stomach Neoplasms Trigonella Tumor Cells, Cultured

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