Hormone replacement therapy and risk of non-hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Abstract

Our objective in this study was to evaluate whether the use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) or chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). A cohort of 37,220 Iowa women ages 55 to 69 years in 1986 with no history of prior cancer was linked annually to a population-based cancer registry. Through 1998 (13 years of follow-up), 258 incident cases of NHL were identified, including 135 cases of diffuse NHL, 58 cases of follicular NHL, and 31 cases of small lymphocytic NHL. In addition, 63 cases of CLL were identified. Current and former use of HRT (primarily estrogen) and other cancer risk factors were self-reported on the baseline (1986) questionnaire. Compared with never users of HRT at study baseline, current [multivariate relative risk (RR), 1.4; 95% confidence intervals (CIs), 0.9-2.0) but not former (RR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.8-1.4) users were at increased risk of NHL after adjustment for age and other confounding factors. This association was seen only in nodal NHL [RR(current), 1.5 (95% CI, 1.0-2.4); RR(former), 1.1 (95% CI, 0.8-1.6)] and was not apparent for extra-nodal sites. Of the common subtypes, there was a strong positive association with follicular NHL [RR(current), 3.3 (95% CI, 1.6-6.9); RR(former), 2.6 (95% CI, 1.4-4.7)], and women who were current users for more than 5 years had the highest risk (RR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.8-8.6). There was no association with diffuse or small lymphocytic NHL, or with CLL. Most of the follicular NHLs were nodal (88%), and exclusion of extra-nodal sites slightly strengthened the association with HRT. For diffuse NHL, 64% of the cases were nodal, and there was no association of HRT with either nodal or extra-nodal sites. These data suggest that HRT is a risk factor for follicular NHL but not for diffuse or small lymphocyte NHL or CLL.

• Authors: James R Cerhan, Celine M Vachon, Thomas M Habermann, Steven M Ansell, Thomas E Witzig, Paul J Kurtin, Carol A Janney, Wei Zheng, John D Potter, Thomas A Sellers, Aaron R Folsom
• Journal: Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev) Vol. 11 Issue 11 Pg. 1466-71 (Nov 2002) ISSN: 1055-9965 [Print] United States
• PMID: 12433728 (Publication Type: Comparative Study, Evaluation Study, Journal Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)

Chemical References

• Estrogens

Topics

• Aged
• Aged, 80 and over
• Cohort Studies
• Estrogens (therapeutic use)
• Female
• Follow-Up Studies
• Hormone Replacement Therapy (adverse effects)
• Humans
• Iowa (epidemiology)
• Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell (chemically induced, epidemiology)
• Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin (chemically induced, epidemiology)
• Middle Aged
• Multivariate Analysis
• Risk Factors
• Time Factors
• Treatment Outcome
• Women's Health