Abnormal pancreatic glucagon secretion and postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus.

Abstract

Plasma glucose and glucagon responses to standard meals containing carbohydrate, fat, and protein as in normal diets were studied in 12 subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes and 12 normal subjects. Diabetics had two to three times greater glucagon responses than did normal subjects. Fifteen units of insulin injection did not normalize these excessive glucagon responses, although postprandial hyperglycemia was reduced. Infusion of somatostatin at a dosage of 500 mug/hr prevented glucagon responses and diminished postprandial hyperglycemia by 60%. The combination of insulin and somatostatin caused a progressive fall in plasma glucose levels despite meal ingestion. Somatostatin and insulin, administered subcutaneously in the same syringe, also abolished postprandial hyperglycemia. These studies indicate that excessive glucagon secretion participates in the genesis of diabetic postprandial hyperglycemia. Somatostatin, an inhibitor of glucagon secretion, may thus prove useful as an adjunct to insulin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

• Authors: J E Gerich, M Lorenzi, J H Karam, V Schneider, P H Forsham
• Journal: JAMA (JAMA) Vol. 234 Issue 2 Pg. 159-5 (Oct 13 1975) ISSN: 0098-7484 [Print] United States
• PMID: 1242153 (Publication Type: Journal Article)

Chemical References

• Blood Glucose
• Dietary Carbohydrates
• Dietary Fats
• Dietary Proteins
• Insulin
• Somatostatin
• Growth Hormone
• Glucagon

Topics

• Adult
• Blood Glucose (analysis)
• Depression, Chemical
• Diabetes Mellitus (drug therapy, metabolism)
• Dietary Carbohydrates (administration & dosage)
• Dietary Fats (administration & dosage)
• Dietary Proteins (administration & dosage)
• Drug Synergism
• Female
• Glucagon (metabolism)
• Growth Hormone (blood)
• Humans
• Informed Consent
• Insulin (pharmacology)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Somatostatin (pharmacology, therapeutic use)