Abstract | OBJECTIVE: To determine which is the most effective and safe treatment for controlling seizures in children out-of-hospital: diazepam or midazolam. METHODS: A retrospective review of the medical records of children presenting to the Emergency Department of the Children's Hospital at Westmead (CHW-ED) with seizures requiring treatment in the field by paramedics was carried out over a 4-year period (April 1996 to March 2000). In New South Wales, children with seizures in the prehospital setting received 0.5 mg/kg per rectum (p.r.) or 0.1 mg/kg i.v. diazepam until March 1998 and from March 1997 onwards they received 0.15 mg/kg i.m. or 0.1 mg/kg i.v. midazolam. The main outcome measured was cessation of seizure in the prehospital setting. Secondary outcomes were time taken to initiate treatment and the frequency of cardiorespiratory compromise. RESULTS: Over the 4-year period, 2566 children presented to CHW-ED with a seizure; 107 children were eligible for entry into the present study. Of these 107 patients, 62 received diazepam and 45 received midazolam. Thirty-one (50.0%) in the diazepam group and 15 (33.3%) in the midazolam group were febrile seizures. Both groups were similar in terms of demographics and seizure type. A comparison of diazepam with midazolam showed that both drugs were effective in stopping seizures within 5 min of drug administration (37.1% cf. 51.1%). Fewer patients in the midazolam group suffered apnoea (20.0% cf. 29.0%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION:
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Authors | J Rainbow, G J Browne, L T Lam |
Journal | Journal of paediatrics and child health
(J Paediatr Child Health)
Vol. 38
Issue 6
Pg. 582-6
(Dec 2002)
ISSN: 1034-4810 [Print] Australia |
PMID | 12410871
(Publication Type: Comparative Study, Journal Article)
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Chemical References |
- Anticonvulsants
- GABA Modulators
- Diazepam
- Midazolam
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Topics |
- Anticonvulsants
(adverse effects, therapeutic use)
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Diazepam
(adverse effects, therapeutic use)
- Emergency Medical Services
- Female
- GABA Modulators
(adverse effects, therapeutic use)
- Humans
- Infant
- Male
- Midazolam
(adverse effects, therapeutic use)
- New South Wales
- Retrospective Studies
- Seizures
(drug therapy)
- Treatment Outcome
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