Type I interferons regulate inflammatory cell trafficking and macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha delivery to the liver.

Abstract	Macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha, CCL3) is critical for liver NK cell inflammation and delivery of IFN-gamma to mediate downstream protective responses against murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infections. This system was used to evaluate the upstream contribution of the type 1 IFNs, IFN-alpha/beta, in promotion of MIP-1alpha production. Mice deficient in IFN-alpha/beta functions, as a result of mutation in the receptor for these cytokines (IFN-alpha/betaR(-)), were profoundly deficient in MIP-1alpha expression and accumulation of NK cells and macrophages in the liver and had increased sensitivity to MCMV infection. The cytokines themselves were responsible for the immunoregulatory effects, since administration of recombinant IFN-alpha (rIFN-alpha) to immunocompetent mice also induced these changes. IFN-alpha/beta was required for NK cell accumulation during infection, and MIP-1alpha was required for NK cell accumulation in response to administered rIFN-alpha. In vivo trafficking assays demonstrated a requirement for IFN-alpha/betaR signaling for leukocyte localization in, and delivery of MIP-1alpha-producing macrophages to, the liver. These results extend characterization of the cytokine and chemokine cascade required for protection against viral infections in tissues by defining IFN-alpha/beta-dependent mechanisms promoting MIP-1alpha production and the resulting hepatic accumulation of NK cells.
Authors	Thais P Salazar-Mather, Casey A Lewis, Christine A Biron
Journal	The Journal of clinical investigation (J Clin Invest) Vol. 110 Issue 3 Pg. 321-30 (Aug 2002) ISSN: 0021-9738 [Print] United States
PMID	12163451 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)
Chemical References	Chemokine CCL3 Chemokine CCL4 Interferon Type I Interferon-alpha Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins Membrane Proteins Receptors, Interferon Recombinant Fusion Proteins Recombinant Proteins interferon-alpha A-D Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta Interferon-beta
Topics	Animals Biological Transport Cell Movement Chemokine CCL3 Chemokine CCL4 Female Herpesviridae Infections (immunology) Humans Interferon Type I (administration & dosage, immunology) Interferon-alpha (biosynthesis, immunology) Interferon-beta (biosynthesis, immunology) Killer Cells, Natural (cytology, immunology) Liver (immunology, pathology) Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins (biosynthesis, genetics, immunology) Macrophages (cytology, immunology) Male Membrane Proteins Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout Muromegalovirus (immunology) Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta Receptors, Interferon (genetics, immunology) Recombinant Fusion Proteins (administration & dosage, immunology) Recombinant Proteins

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