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Cytokine activity contributes to induction of inflammatory cytokine mRNAs in spinal cord following contusion.

Abstract
Injury of the spinal cord leads to an inflammatory tissue response, probably mediated in part by cytokines. Because a common therapy for acute spinal cord injury is the use of an antiinflammatory synthetic glucocorticoid (methylprednisolone), we sought to determine mechanisms contributing to inflammation shortly after acute injury. Cytokine mRNAs [interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and IL-6] were increased during the first 2 hr following weight-drop compression injury by RNase protection assay, prior to the reported appearance of circulating lymphocytes. This immediate pattern of cytokine mRNA induction could be replicated in cultured, explanted spinal cord slices but not in whole blood of injured animals, which is consistent with a tissue source of cytokine mRNAs. Western blotting detected IL-1beta-like immunoreactivity released into culture medium following explantation and pro-IL-1beta-like immunoreactivity in freshly dissected spinal cord tissue. Pharmacologically blocking IL-1 and TNF-alpha receptors significantly reduced expression of IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha mRNAs. Finally, mice lacking both IL-1 and TNF-alpha receptors exhibited diminished induction of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1ra mRNAs following injury. Therefore, we conclude that contusion injury induces an immediate release of cytokines, which then contributes to the induction of cytokine mRNAs.
AuthorsJonathan Z Pan, Li Ni, Ajeet Sodhi, Ann Aguanno, Wise Young, Ronald P Hart
JournalJournal of neuroscience research (J Neurosci Res) Vol. 68 Issue 3 Pg. 315-22 (May 01 2002) ISSN: 0360-4012 [Print] United States
PMID12111861 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)
CopyrightCopyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Chemical References
  • Cytokines
  • Interleukin-1
  • Interleukin-6
  • RNA, Messenger
  • Receptors, Cytokine
  • Receptors, Interleukin-1
  • Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Topics
  • Animals
  • Cytokines (genetics, metabolism)
  • Female
  • Interleukin-1 (genetics)
  • Interleukin-6 (genetics)
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Knockout
  • Myelitis (genetics, immunology, metabolism)
  • RNA, Messenger (drug effects, metabolism)
  • Rats
  • Rats, Long-Evans
  • Receptors, Cytokine (antagonists & inhibitors, metabolism)
  • Receptors, Interleukin-1 (antagonists & inhibitors, deficiency, genetics)
  • Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor (antagonists & inhibitors, deficiency, genetics)
  • Spinal Cord Injuries (genetics, immunology, metabolism)
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (genetics)
  • Up-Regulation (drug effects, genetics, immunology)

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