A new acute inflammatory syndrome related to the introduction of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis.

Abstract

Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) is increasingly used for prevention of allograft rejection and to treat immune disorders. We report the development of an acute inflammatory syndrome in two patients with Wegener's granulomatosis after MMF was introduced, because of persistent renal and systemic disease activity despite cyclophosphamide treatment. Within 1 week both patients developed an acute inflammatory syndrome, characterized by fever, arthralgias and muscle pain. No infection could be detected and no indications for increased Wegener's activity were present. MMF was stopped resulting in a rapid and complete resolution of the syndrome. A rechallenge with 2 g of MMF in the second patient resulted in a relapse of the syndrome within 4 days. There was an association between symptoms and increased levels of mycophenolic acid (MPA) acyl glucuronide and serum interleukin-6, suggesting the induction of inflammatory cytokines by MPA acyl glucuronide as the cause of the syndrome. Therefore, special attention should be given to side effects such as fever, arthralgias and muscle pain when treating patients with Wegener's granulomatosis during the active phase. Because this side effect of MMF may also occur after solid organ transplantation and in other immune disorders, pharmacokinetic profiling of MPA and MPA acyl glucuronide is needed in future studies with MMF.

• Authors: Bart Maes, Michael Oellerich, Jan L Ceuppens, Victor W Armstrong, Pieter Evenepoel, Dirk Kuypers, Thierry Messiaen, Maria Shipkova, Eberhard Wieland, Yves Vanrenterghem
• Journal: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association (Nephrol Dial Transplant) Vol. 17 Issue 5 Pg. 923-6 (May 2002) ISSN: 0931-0509 [Print] England
• PMID: 11981085 (Publication Type: Case Reports, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Immunosuppressive Agents
• Mycophenolic Acid

Topics

• Acute Disease
• Arthralgia (chemically induced)
• Female
• Fever (chemically induced)
• Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (drug therapy)
• Humans
• Immunosuppressive Agents (adverse effects)
• Inflammation (chemically induced)
• Male
• Middle Aged
• Muscles
• Mycophenolic Acid (adverse effects, analogs & derivatives)
• Pain (chemically induced)
• Syndrome