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Utility of immunostaining for S-100 protein subunits in gonadal sex cord-stromal tumors, with emphasis on the large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor of the testis.

Abstract
This study concerns the immunohistochemical localization of S-100 alpha, S-100 beta, and whole brain S-100 (wbS-100) in testicular large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor (LCCSCT). We examined 8 LCCSCTs (7 benign and 1 malignant), 6 Sertoli cell tumors not otherwise specified (SCTs-NOS), 6 Leydig cell tumors (LCTs), 5 ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs), and 7 gonadoblastomas (GBLs). The 8 LCCSCTs showed immunoreactivity for S-100 alpha, S-100 beta, and wbS-100. Five of the 6 LCTs and the Leydig cell components in the ovarian SLCTs stained positively for S-100 alpha and wbS-100 but were negative for S-100 beta. SCTs-NOS and the Sertoli cell components in the SLCTs occasionally showed focal and weak/moderate positivity for S-100 alpha, S-100 beta, and wbS-100. Sex cord cells of the GBLs were positive for S-100 beta and wbS-100 and negative for S-100 alpha. Germ cell elements of the GBLs were negative for S-100 alpha, S-100 beta, and wbS-100. In nonneoplastic testicular parenchyma adjacent to the above-mentioned tumors, there was S-100 alpha reactivity in Leydig cells, rete testis, and a few Sertoli cells. S-100 beta reactivity was seen in a few Sertoli cells, Schwann cells, and some endothelial cells. WbS-100 reactivity was present in Leydig cells, a few Sertoli cells, rete testis, Schwann cells, and some endothelial cells. The results indicate that S-100 alpha and S-100 beta can potentially be used as immunohistochemical markers for LCCSCT, especially when differentiating it from LCT, which may mimic LCCSCT on routine histopathology. Although the biological significance of both S-100 subunits expression in LCCSCT remains unknown, these notable calcium-binding proteins may be associated with the characteristic calcification in LCCSCT through regulation of calcium levels in the tumor cells.
AuthorsYukichi Tanaka, J Aidan Carney, Rieko Ijiri, Keisuke Kato, Tetsumi Miyake, Yukio Nakatani, Kazuaki Misugi
JournalHuman pathology (Hum Pathol) Vol. 33 Issue 3 Pg. 285-9 (Mar 2002) ISSN: 0046-8177 [Print] United States
PMID11979368 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
CopyrightCopyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Chemical References
  • Biomarkers
  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Nerve Growth Factors
  • S-100 calcium-binding protein alpha subunit
  • S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit
  • S100 Proteins
Topics
  • Biomarkers
  • Biomarkers, Tumor (analysis)
  • Calcinosis (metabolism, pathology)
  • Female
  • Gonadoblastoma (chemistry, metabolism, pathology)
  • Humans
  • Immunoenzyme Techniques
  • Leydig Cell Tumor (chemistry, metabolism, pathology)
  • Male
  • Nerve Growth Factors
  • Ovarian Neoplasms (chemistry, metabolism, pathology)
  • S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit
  • S100 Proteins (biosynthesis, metabolism)
  • Sertoli Cell Tumor (chemistry, metabolism, pathology)
  • Sex Cord-Gonadal Stromal Tumors (chemistry, metabolism, pathology)
  • Testicular Neoplasms (chemistry, metabolism, pathology)
  • Testis (chemistry, metabolism, pathology)

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