1. Studies using animal experimental models have suggested that the beta2-adrenoceptor is uncoupled in association with alterations in the expression of
G-protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRK) 2/3 in
heart failure. However, the functional expression of the components of this pathway in human disease has not been fully elucidated yet. In the present study, we evaluated the possibility that the regulation of beta2-adrenoceptor signalling components in patients with left ventricular volume overload (VOL) depends on the severity of the overload. 2. We characterized the lymphocyte GRK 2-6,
beta-arrestins 1 and 2, beta2-adrenoceptor expression at the
mRNA and
protein levels, as well as the activity of
adenylyl cyclase,
protein kinases (PK) A and PKC in patients with VOL using healthy blood donors as controls. 3. In the patient group, GRK2
mRNA was increased by 61% (P < 0.001), GRK3 was increased by 54% (P < 0.005), GRK5 was increased fivefold (P < 0.001) and the
beta-arrestin 2 mRNA was increased by 40% (P < 0.05). These increases were paralleled with a sixfold increase in GRK2, a twofold increase in GRK3 and a 1.3-fold increase in GRK5
protein levels. These changes were associated with a significant decrease in beta2-adrenoceptor
mRNA, the basal, catalytic and receptor-mediated activity of
adenylyl cyclase and sensitization of the
forskolin-stimulated activity towards augmented inhibition by guanylimidodiphosphate. In general, the increase in GRK2 and 5
mRNA exhibited a positive correlation with the gravity of the haemodynamic load, as determined by changes in left ventricular fractional shortening. 4. The results suggest that VOL induces an increase in the expression of lymphocyte beta2-adrenoceptor-specific GRK and
beta-arrestin 2 in association with an attenuation in beta2-adrenoceptor levels. It can be speculated that the cardiac circulatory system adapts itself to altered haemodynamic functional demands partly by altering beta2-adrenoceptor signalling.