In 1958,
Minamata Disease was suggested to be organic
mercury compounds intoxication. This suggestion was based on Hunter and Russel's report on occupational exposure to methylmercury. This report is known to have established the typical symptoms of methyl
mercury intoxication. However, it has been widely believed since the official recognition of
Minamata Disease (1956) that, at the moment of outbreak, no reports were available on organic
mercury formation from inorganic
mercury in
acetaldehyde production from
acetylene, or on organic
mercury intoxication among workers in
acetaldehyde production from
acetylene. However, this was not the case. The formation of organic
mercury from inorganic
mercury used as a catalyst was reported by Vogt and Nieuwland in 1921. In 1930, Zangger reported several cases of organic
mercury intoxication among workers in
acetaldehyde production from
acetylene. Soon after, Koelsch reported that the cases were methyl- and/or ethylmercury intoxication, and that such cases had been common since 1916. These reports were already available at the time of the
Minamata Disease outbreak. However, Zangger's report, the most important of these three was not referred to until 1987, notwithstanding its listing in the references of Kurland et al.. Zangger's report was not referred to not by investigators, but by a lawyer. If these reports had been referred to at the outbreak of
Minamata Disease, the number of victims in Minamata would have been minimized, and
Minamata Disease in Niigata would have been prevented.