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Laboratory studies to assess the risk of development of resistance to zoxamide.

Abstract
Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate the risk of developing field resistance to zoxamide, a new Oomycete fungicide which acts on microtubules. Zoxamide, metalaxyl and dimethomorph were compared with respect to the ease with which fungicide-resistant mutants could be isolated and their level of resistance. Attempts to generate mutants of Phytophthora capsici and P infestans with resistance to zoxamide by mycelial adaptation on fungicide-amended medium were unsuccessful. Similarly, changes in sensitivity to zoxamide were small (resistance factors < or = 2.2) in mutants of P capsici isolated by chemical mutagenesis of zoospore cysts. In parallel experiments with metalaxyl, highly resistant mutants were obtained using both adaptation (P capsici or P infestans) and chemical mutagenesis (P capsici). For dimethomorph, chemical mutagenesis (P capsici) yielded moderately resistant mutants (maximum resistance factor = 20.9), and adaptation (P capsici or P infestans) did not induce resistance. It is proposed that failure to isolate mutants resistant to zoxamide results from the diploid nature of Oomycete fungi and the likelihood that target-site mutations would produce a recessive phenotype. Our studies suggest that the risk of a highly resistant pathogen population developing rapidly in the field is much lower for zoxamide than for metalaxyl. However, as with any site-specific fungicide, appropriate precautions against resistance development should be taken.
AuthorsD H Young, S L Spiewak, R A Slawecki
JournalPest management science (Pest Manag Sci) Vol. 57 Issue 11 Pg. 1081-7 (Nov 2001) ISSN: 1526-498X [Print] England
PMID11721527 (Publication Type: Journal Article)
Chemical References
  • Amides
  • Fungicides, Industrial
  • Morpholines
  • zoxamide
  • metalaxyl
  • dimethomorph
  • Alanine
Topics
  • Alanine (analogs & derivatives, pharmacology)
  • Amides (chemistry, pharmacology)
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Drug Resistance, Microbial (genetics)
  • Fungicides, Industrial (chemistry, pharmacology)
  • Morpholines (pharmacology)
  • Mutation
  • Phytophthora (drug effects, genetics, growth & development)
  • Plant Diseases (microbiology)

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