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Bioreductive metabolism of mitomycin C in EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cells: cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic pathways, leading to different types of DNA adducts. The effect of dicumarol.

Abstract
The six DNA adducts formed in EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cells upon treatment with mitomycin C (MC) fall into two groups: (1) four guanine adducts of MC and (2) two guanine adducts derived from 2,7-diaminomitosene (2,7-DAM), the major reductive metabolite of MC. The two groups of adducts were proposed to originate from two pathways arising from reductive activation of MC: (a) direct alkylation of DNA and (b) formation of 2,7-DAM, which then alkylates DNA. The aim of this study was to test the validity of this proposal and to evaluate the significance of alkylation of DNA by 2,7-DAM. Treatment of the cells with 2,7-DAM itself yielded the same 2,7-DAM-guanine adducts as treatment with MC; however, 2,7-DAM was approximately 100-fold less cytotoxic than MC. The uptake and efflux of 2,7-DAM by EMT6 cells was comparable to that of MC, but 2,7-DAM alkylated DNA with higher efficiency than MC. These results validate the two proposed pathways and show that formation of 2,7-DAM-DNA adducts in MC-treated cells represents a relatively non-toxic pathway of reductive metabolism of MC. A selective stimulatory effect of dicumarol (DIC) on 2,7-DAM-DNA adduct formation in EMT6 cells treated with MC was also investigated. DIC had no effect on alkylation by MC in cell-free systems, nor did it have significant effects on adduct formation or cell survival for cells treated with 2,7-DAM. It is proposed that in the cell DIC stimulates a reductase enzyme located at subcellular sites where the activated MC species has no direct access to DNA and therefore is diverted into the non-cytotoxic pathway, which leads to the formation of 2,7-DAM and its adducts.
AuthorsY Palom, M F Belcourt, L Q Tang, S S Mehta, A C Sartorelli, C A Pritsos, K L Pritsos, S Rockwell, M Tomasz
JournalBiochemical pharmacology (Biochem Pharmacol) Vol. 61 Issue 12 Pg. 1517-29 (Jun 15 2001) ISSN: 0006-2952 [Print] England
PMID11377381 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)
Chemical References
  • DNA Adducts
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Mitomycins
  • Radiopharmaceuticals
  • Tritium
  • Mitomycin
  • 2,7-diaminomitosene
  • Dicumarol
  • Xanthine Dehydrogenase
  • NADH Dehydrogenase
Topics
  • Animals
  • Biological Transport
  • Cell Division (drug effects)
  • Cell-Free System
  • DNA Adducts (metabolism)
  • Dicumarol (pharmacology)
  • Drug Interactions
  • Enzyme Inhibitors (pharmacology)
  • Mammary Neoplasms, Animal
  • Mice
  • Mitomycin (metabolism)
  • Mitomycins (metabolism, pharmacology)
  • NADH Dehydrogenase (metabolism)
  • Radiopharmaceuticals (metabolism)
  • Tritium
  • Tumor Cells, Cultured
  • Xanthine Dehydrogenase (metabolism)

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