Costunolide induces apoptosis by ROS-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition and cytochrome C release.

Abstract

Costunolide is an active compound isolated from the root of Saussurea lappa Clarks, a Chinese medicinal herb, and is considered a therapeutic candidate for various types of cancers. Nevertheless, the pharmacological pathways of costunolide are still unknown. In this study, we investigate the effects of costunolide on the induction of apoptosis in HL-60 human leukemia cells and its putative pathways of action. Using apoptosis analysis, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and assessment of mitochondrial membrane potentials, we show that costunolide is a potent inducer of apoptosis, and facilitates its activity via ROS generation, thereby inducing mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and cytochrome c release to the cytosol. ROS production, mitochondrial alteration, and subsequent apoptotic cell death in costunolide-treated cells were blocked by the antioxidant N-acetylcystein (NAC). Cyclosporin A, a permeability transition inhibitor, also inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition and apoptosis. Our data indicate that costunolide induces the ROS-mediated mitochondrial permeability transition and resultant cytochrome c release. This is the first report on the mechanism of the anticancer effect of costunolide.

• Authors: M G Lee, K T Lee, S G Chi, J H Park
• Journal: Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin (Biol Pharm Bull) Vol. 24 Issue 3 Pg. 303-6 (Mar 2001) ISSN: 0918-6158 [Print] Japan
• PMID: 11256490 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic
• Cytochrome c Group
• Reactive Oxygen Species
• Sesquiterpenes
• costunolide
• Caspases

Topics

• Animals
• Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic (pharmacology)
• Apoptosis (drug effects)
• Blotting, Western
• Caspases (metabolism)
• Cell Fractionation
• Cytochrome c Group (metabolism)
• Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
• Enzyme Activation (drug effects)
• Humans
• Membrane Potentials (drug effects)
• Mitochondria (drug effects, enzymology, metabolism)
• Permeability (drug effects)
• Rats
• Reactive Oxygen Species (metabolism)
• Sesquiterpenes (pharmacology)
• Tumor Cells, Cultured