Ototoxic interaction between noise and pheomelanin: distortion product otoacoustic emissions after acoustical trauma in chloroquine-treated red, black, and albino guinea pigs.

Abstract

This study provides further evidence of an ototoxic interaction between red pheomelanin pigmentation and noise-induced hearing loss. Red, black, and albino guinea pigs were treated with a low, a high, or no dose of chloroquine. The 2f1-f2 distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOE) measurements were measured before, immediately after, and 1 month after noise exposure to a 1-kHz tone at 105 dB SPL for 72 hours. In red guinea pigs, the DPOE was severely affected by noise trauma when treated even by a low single dose of chloroquine, whereas in both albino and black guinea pigs, the chloroquine effect on the DPOE was temporary and present only when the drug was given in a high single dose. The structure most likely to be responsible for the severe loss of DPOE in chloroquine-treated red animals is the strial melanocyte. The damage may be triggered by an ototoxic noise-induced production of radical oxygen species from pheomelanin, for example, by the Fenton reaction or due to the increased variability of the melanocyte 1 receptor gene as in red-haired individuals.

• Authors: M L Barrenäs, K M Holgers
• Journal: Audiology : official organ of the International Society of Audiology (Audiology) 2000 Sep-Oct Vol. 39 Issue 5 Pg. 238-46 ISSN: 0020-6091 [Print] Switzerland
• PMID: 11093607 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't)

Chemical References

• Antirheumatic Agents
• Melanins
• Nuclear Proteins
• Trans-Activators
• pheomelanin
• Chloroquine

Topics

• Animals
• Antirheumatic Agents (administration & dosage, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Basilar Membrane (drug effects)
• Chloroquine (administration & dosage, pharmacology, therapeutic use)
• Cochlea (drug effects, metabolism)
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
• Guinea Pigs
• Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced (drug therapy, metabolism, physiopathology)
• Melanins (metabolism)
• Nuclear Proteins (metabolism)
• Otoacoustic Emissions, Spontaneous (drug effects)
• Stria Vascularis (drug effects, metabolism)
• Trans-Activators