All patients had an
orthostatic headache, which was alleviated to a variable extent on recumbency. Additional clinical symptoms included
nausea,
dizziness, neck stiffness, blurring of vision,
tinnitus, plugged ear, hearing difficulties and radicular
pain of the arm. Eighty-two percent of the patients had CSF opening pressure less than 60 mm H2O, 59% had CSF
pleocytosis, and 95% had increased CSF
protein. Brain MRI showed diffuse pachymeningeal
gadolinium enhancement on T1-weighted image in 83%, which was seen as hyperintense signals on T2-weighted imaging. Other features included
subdural hematoma/
hygroma in 17% and descent of the brain in 48% of the patients.
Radioisotope cisternographic results identified CSF leakage sites in 52%, most often at the lumbar region. Also observed were limited ascent of the tracer to the cerebral convexity (91%), early appearance of
radioisotope in the bladder (65%), and early soft tissue uptake of
radioisotope (43%). Epidural blood patches were performed in 23 patients, which produced complete resolution of
headaches in 70%. Two patients underwent drainage of
subdural hematoma. None died or were disabled during hospitalization.
CONCLUSIONS: