We examined the effect of
resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxy stilbene), a phenolic compound found in the skins of most grapes, on blood pressure and bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX),
stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Nineteen-week-old female SHRSP were divided into a
sham-ovariectomized (
sham) group fed a control diet and two OVX groups fed either a control diet (OVX-Cont) or a diet supplemented with
resveratrol (5 mg/kg per d; OVX-Resv).
Ovariectomy induced significant increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP).
Resveratrol lowered the SBP by 15%) by the third week of administration, and this effect was maintained throughout the study.
Resveratrol treatment also significantly enhanced endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in response to
acetylcholine (ACh) in OVX rats. Finally, femur breaking energies measured for the
resveratrol-treated (OVX-Resv) group were significantly higher than those of the
resveratrol-untreated (OVX-Cont) group. While no significant differences in
calcium,
magnesium and
phosphorus content were found between the femurs of OVX-Cont and OVX-Resv rats, the femur
hydroxyproline content in the OVX-Resv group was significantly higher than of the OVX-Cont group. We conclude that, in OVX-SHRSP,
resveratrol acts by a similar mechanism to mammalian
estrogens, lowering blood pressure by increasing dilatory responses to ACh. The present study also demonstrated that
resveratrol was able to prevent
ovariectomy-induced decreases in femoral bone strength.