There have recently been very few deficiencies with respect to fat soluble and water soluble
vitamins in Japan
All-trans-retinoic acid as induction or maintenance treatment improves disease free and overall survival against
acute promyelocytic leukemia. In the isolated
vitamin E deficiencies gene mutation has been cleared for
alpha-tocopherol transferprotein. Recently, a relation of nutritional
vitamin K intake and
senile osteoporosis in women was epidemiologically demonstrated on a prospective study.
Thiamin was yet noticed as development of deficiency in
alcoholism, while the importance of supplemental
folic acid during pregnancy has become especially clear in light of studies showing that
folic acid supplements reduce the risk of
neural tube defects in the fetus. With respect to hypervitaminosis, the Council for Responsible Nutrition (CRN), USA, has established safe intakes by identifying the NOAEL (No Observed Adverse Effect Level) and LOAEL (Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Level). Summaries of NOAEL and LOAEL for individual
vitamins were shown.