HIV-1-infection in the CNS. A pathogenesis of some neurological syndromes in the light of recent investigations.

Abstract

The main factors in the pathogenesis of AIDS-dementia complex (ADC) are analyzed. The author suggests that these factors can be divided into two groups. The "nonspecific" factors present in every immunologic processes manifested by inflammation compose the first group. They are cytotoxic lymphocytes T, the immunoactivation of infected macrophages, cytokines, NO, NOS and iNOS, the increase of the BBB permeability, the accumulation of beta-amyloid precursor protein, excitotoxic amino acids, various and numerous cells adhesion molecules. The second group may contain factors connected with HIV-1 infection of CNS. In the pathogenesis of AIDS an important role is played by toxic glycoproteins gp 120 and gp 41 which are in the coat of HIV-1 virus, nucleotide sequences variability, possibility of various virus replication in various parts of CNS, the participation of lymphokines IL-4 and IL-10, and presence of co-receptors to HIV-1 virus on lymphocytes, macrophages, neurons and microglial cells.

• Authors: J Rafałowska
• Journal: Folia neuropathologica (Folia Neuropathol) Vol. 36 Issue 4 Pg. 211-6 ( 1998) ISSN: 1641-4640 [Print] Poland
• PMID: 10079602 (Publication Type: Journal Article, Review)

Chemical References

• Cell Adhesion Molecules
• Cytokines
• HIV Envelope Protein gp120
• Neurotoxins
• Nitric Oxide
• NOS2 protein, human
• Nitric Oxide Synthase
• Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
• Nos2 protein, mouse

Topics

• AIDS Dementia Complex (etiology, immunology, pathology)
• Animals
• Blood-Brain Barrier
• Brain (metabolism, pathology, virology)
• Cats
• Cell Adhesion Molecules (physiology)
• Cytokines (physiology)
• Encephalitis, Viral (complications, immunology, pathology)
• Feline Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (complications, immunology, pathology)
• HIV Envelope Protein gp120 (immunology, physiology)
• HIV Infections (complications, immunology, pathology)
• HIV-1 (immunology, physiology)
• Humans
• Macaca
• Macrophages (immunology)
• Mice
• Murine Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (complications, immunology, pathology)
• Neurotoxins (metabolism)
• Nitric Oxide (metabolism)
• Nitric Oxide Synthase (metabolism)
• Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
• Signal Transduction
• Simian Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (complications, immunology, pathology)
• T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic (immunology)