Abstract |
Poisoning with alpha-latrotoxin, a neurotoxic protein from black widow spider venom, results in a robust increase of spontaneous synaptic transmission and subsequent degeneration of affected nerve terminals. The neurotoxic action of alpha-latrotoxin involves extracellular binding to its high affinity receptors as a first step. One of these proteins, CIRL, is a neuronal G-protein-coupled receptor implicated in the regulation of secretion. We now demonstrate that CIRL has two close homologs with a similar domain structure and high degree of overall identity. These novel receptors, which we propose to name CIRL-2 and CIRL-3, together with CIRL (CIRL-1) belong to a recently identified subfamily of large orphan receptors with structural features typical of both G-protein-coupled receptors and cell adhesion proteins. Northern blotting experiments indicate that CIRL-2 is expressed ubiquitously with highest concentrations found in placenta, kidney, spleen, ovary, heart, and lung, whereas CIRL-3 is expressed predominantly in brain similarly to CIRL-1. It appears that CIRL-2 can also bind alpha-latrotoxin, although its affinity to the toxin is about 14 times less than that of CIRL-1. When overexpressed in chromaffin cells, CIRL-2 increases their sensitivity to alpha-latrotoxin stimulation but also inhibits Ca2+-regulated secretion. Thus, CIRL-2 is a functionally competent receptor of alpha-latrotoxin. Our findings suggest that although the nervous system is the primary target of low doses of alpha-latrotoxin, cells of other tissues are also susceptible to the toxic effects of alpha-latrotoxin because of the presence of CIRL-2, a low affinity receptor of the toxin.
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Authors | K Ichtchenko, M A Bittner, V Krasnoperov, A R Little, O Chepurny, R W Holz, A G Petrenko |
Journal | The Journal of biological chemistry
(J Biol Chem)
Vol. 274
Issue 9
Pg. 5491-8
(Feb 26 1999)
ISSN: 0021-9258 [Print] United States |
PMID | 10026162
(Publication Type: Journal Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.)
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Chemical References |
- DNA Primers
- DNA, Complementary
- Receptors, Peptide
- alpha-latrotoxin receptor
- GTP-Binding Proteins
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Topics |
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Chromaffin Cells
(metabolism)
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA Primers
- DNA, Complementary
- GTP-Binding Proteins
(metabolism)
- Humans
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Protein Binding
- Rats
- Receptors, Peptide
(chemistry, genetics, metabolism)
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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